Landscape-scale spatial variations of pre-Columbian anthropogenic disturbances at three ring ditch sites in French Guiana.

In the past two decades, repeated discoveries of numerous geometric earthworks in interfluvial regions of Amazonia have shed new light onto the territorial extent and the long-term impact of pre-Columbian populations on contemporary landscapes. In particular, the recent development of LiDAR imagery has accelerated the discovery of earthworks in densely forested hinterlands throughout the Amazon basin and the Guiana Shield. This study aimed to evaluate the extent and landscape-scale spatial variations of pre-Columbian disturbances at three ring ditch sites in the French Guiana hinterland.

Complete genome sequences of two serovar strains isolated from Lebanon and Tunisia, highly toxic against lepidopteran larvae.

-based products are key in the biopesticides market. strains Lip and BLB1 were isolated from Lebanese and Tunisian soils, respectively. These strains are highly toxic against lepidopteran larvae, .

Multiomics Study of Bacterial Growth Arrest in a Synthetic Biology Application.

We investigated the scalability of a previously developed growth switch based on external control of RNA polymerase expression. Our results indicate that, in liter-scale bioreactors operating in fed-batch mode, growth-arrested cells are able to convert glucose to glycerol at an increased yield. A multiomics quantification of the physiology of the cells shows that, apart from acetate production, few metabolic side effects occur.

The dual role of amyloid-β-sheet sequences in the cell surface properties of -encoded flocculins in .

Fungal adhesins (Als) or flocculins are family of cell surface proteins that mediate adhesion to diverse biotic and abiotic surfaces. A striking characteristic of Als proteins originally identified in the pathogenic is to form functional amyloids that mediate interaction leading to the formation of adhesin nanodomains and -interaction between amyloid sequences of opposing cells. In this report, we show that flocculins encoded by in behave like adhesins in .

One-step generation of multiple gene knock-outs in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by DNA-free genome editing.

Recently developed transgenic techniques to explore and exploit the metabolic potential of microalgae present several drawbacks associated with the delivery of exogenous DNA into the cells and its subsequent integration at random sites within the genome. Here, we report a highly efficient multiplex genome-editing method in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, relying on the biolistic delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins coupled with the identification of two endogenous counter-selectable markers, PtUMPS and PtAPT. First, we demonstrate the functionality of RNP delivery by positively selecting the disruption of each of these genes.

Successful control of hidradenitis suppurativa with verapamil: a case report.

An inappropriate immunologic response has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Adalimumab was the first TNF-α inhibitor approved for moderate to severe HS. We report on a case of HS (Hurley stage 2) in a 39-year-old man, who had received fusidic acid and isotretinoin treatments without evident benefit during the last 8 years.

RETRACTED:A new function for the yeast trehalose-6P synthase (Tps1) protein, as key pro-survival factor during growth, chronological ageing, and apoptotic stress.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).

Evidence for a Role for the Plasma Membrane in the Nanomechanical Properties of the Cell Wall as Revealed by an Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Ethanol Stress.

Unlabelled: A wealth of biochemical and molecular data have been reported regarding ethanol toxicity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae However, direct physical data on the effects of ethanol stress on yeast cells are almost nonexistent. This lack of information can now be addressed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) technology. In this report, we show that the stiffness of glucose-grown yeast cells challenged with 9% (vol/vol) ethanol for 5 h was dramatically reduced, as shown by a 5-fold drop of Young's modulus.

Yeast Tolerance to Various Stresses Relies on the Trehalose-6P Synthase (Tps1) Protein, Not on Trehalose.

Trehalose is a stable disaccharide commonly found in nature, from bacteria to fungi and plants. For the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, claims that trehalose is a stress protectant were based indirectly either on correlation between accumulation of trehalose and high resistance to various stresses or on stress hypersensitivity of mutants deleted for TPS1, which encodes the first enzyme in trehalose biosynthetic pathway. Our goal was to investigate more directly which one, between trehalose and/or the Tps1 protein, may serve yeast cells to withstand exposure to stress.

Similarities and differences in the biochemical and enzymological properties of the four isomaltases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae IMA multigene family encodes four isomaltases sharing high sequence identity from 65% to 99%. Here, we explore their functional diversity, with exhaustive in-vitro characterization of their enzymological and biochemical properties. The four isoenzymes exhibited a preference for the α-(1,6) disaccharides isomaltose and palatinose, with Michaëlis-Menten kinetics and inhibition at high substrates concentration.

Characterization of a new multigene family encoding isomaltases in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the IMA family.

It has been known for a long time that the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can assimilate alpha-methylglucopyranoside and isomaltose. We here report the identification of 5 genes (YGR287c, YIL172c, YJL216c, YJL221c and YOL157c), which, similar to the SUCx, MALx, or HXTx multigene families, are located in the subtelomeric regions of different chromosomes. They share high nucleotide sequence identities between themselves (66-100%) and with the MALx2 genes (63-74%).

Validation of reference genes for quantitative expression analysis by real-time RT-PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Background: Real-time RT-PCR is the recommended method for quantitative gene expression analysis. A compulsory step is the selection of good reference genes for normalization. A few genes often referred to as HouseKeeping Genes (HSK), such as ACT1, RDN18 or PDA1 are among the most commonly used, as their expression is assumed to remain unchanged over a wide range of conditions.

Combinatorial control by the protein kinases PKA, PHO85 and SNF1 of transcriptional induction of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GSY2 gene at the diauxic shift.

Genes involved in storage carbohydrate metabolism are coordinately induced when yeast cells are subjected to conditions of stress, or when they exit the exponential growth phase on glucose. We show that the STress Responsive Elements (STREs) present in the promoter of GSY2 are essential for gene activation under conditions of stress, but dispensable for gene induction and glycogen accumulation at the diauxic shift on glucose. Using serial promoter deletion, we found that the latter induction could not be attributed to a single cis -regulatory sequence, and present evidence that this mechanism depends on combinatorial transcriptional control by signalling pathways involving the protein kinases Pho85, Snf1 and PKA.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPR184w gene encodes the glycogen debranching enzyme.

The YPR184w gene encodes a 1536-amino acid protein that is 34-39% identical to the mammal, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans glycogen debranching enzyme. The N-terminal part of the protein possesses the four conserved sequences of the alpha-amylase superfamily, while the C-terminal part displays 50% similarity with the C-terminal of other eukaryotic glycogen debranching enzymes. Reliable measurement of alpha-1,4-glucanotransferase and alpha-1, 6-glucosidase activity of the yeast debranching enzyme was determined in strains overexpressing YPR184w.

Effects of various types of stress on the metabolism of reserve carbohydrates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: genetic evidence for a stress-induced recycling of glycogen and trehalose.

It is well known that glycogen and trehalose accumulate in yeast under nutrient starvation or entering into the stationary phase of growth, and that high levels of trehalose are found in heat-shocked cells. However, effects of various types of stress on trehalose, and especially on glycogen, are poorly documented. Taking into account that almost all genes encoding the enzymes involved in the metabolism of these two reserve carbohydrates contain between one and several copies of the stress-responsive element (STRE), an investigation was made of the possibility of a link between the potential transcriptional induction of these genes and the accumulation of glycogen and trehalose under different stress conditions.

MRG1-1, a dominant allele that confers methomyl resistance in yeast expressing the cytoplasmic male sterility T-urf13 gene from maize.

We have previously described a eukaryotic heterologous expression system, with the urf13TW gene in yeast, which mimics the disease susceptibility associated with the Texas cytoplasmic male sterility in maize. This yeast model was used to isolate yeast nuclear mutants conferring methomyl resistance. The genetic strategy we have developed focused on screening for nuclear dominant yeast mutations which restore methomyl resistance.

Sensory and motor maximum nerve conduction velocity in the peripheral and central nervous system of the beagle dog.

Sensory maximum nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and motor MNCV were monitored in altogether 14 beagle dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbital. Sensory MNCV was determined by averaging cortically evoked potentials from somatosensory area I (SS I) in response to repeated electrical stimulation of digital paw pads, tibial nerve at calcaneus or sciatic nerve at trochanter. Sensory MNCV determined from paw to tibial nerve at calcaneus was 53 m/sec, from tibial nerve at calcaneus to sciatic nerve at trochanter 64 m/sec and from sciatic nerve at trochanter to crotex SS I 53 m/sec.

Single fiber electromyography. A method for the evaluation of motor axonopathy during toxicity studies in dogs.

In man, single fiber electromyography is used as a very sensitive indicator for the assessment of functional changes in motor nerves. The purpose of the present study was to adapt the above testing procedure to allow repeated investigations of dogs used in subchronic toxicity tests. Experiments were performed on anesthetized pure-bred beagle dogs.