Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral Livestock System in Northeastern Ethiopia.

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease affecting livestock and humans globally. The disease is endemic in Ethiopian livestock. This study was conducted to estimate seropositivity and identify its risk factors in livestock, and practices that may expose pastoralists to the disease.

Molecular identification and antimicrobial resistance profiling of pathogenic E. coli isolates from smallholder livestock households in Central Ethiopia.

Escherichia coli of different pathotypes are frequently involved in morbidity and mortality in animals and humans. The study aimed to identify E. coli pathotypes and determine antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in Ethiopian smallholder livestock households.

Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance profile, associated risk factors and management of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in children under 5 with suspected sepsis in Ethiopia.

Background: Early detection and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) could reduce the risk of developing life-threatening sepsis in childhood. However, little is known about sepsis caused by CRKP in children under-5 in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance profile, associated risk factors and management of CRKP in children under-5 with sepsis in Ethiopia.

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria species and associated risk factors for contamination of milk and cottage cheese along the value chains in Ethiopia.

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in dairy products including raw milk, pasteurized milk, and cottage cheese, and identify potential risk factors for contamination throughout the dairy value chain in major milk sheds in Ethiopia.

The Potential of Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody: Role in Future Therapeutic and Diagnostic Biologics.

The advancement of genetic engineering has revolutionized the field of immunology by allowing the utilization of intrinsic antibody structures. One of the biologics that are being produced by recombinant antibody technology is single-chain fragments variable (scFv). Genes of variable regions, the heavy and light chains that are genetically linked into a single transcript by a short flexible linker peptide, are used to generate this fragment from cellular and synthetic libraries.

High rate of high-risk human papillomavirus among benign and breast cancer patients in Ethiopia.

Introduction: There have been numerous studies that showed the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in breast cancer; nonetheless, there is ongoing debate regarding their association. Given few studies in Ethiopia, we aimed to investigate the magnitude of HPV infection in Ethiopian breast cancer patients.

Methods: A total of 120 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks were obtained, and basic demographic, clinical, and histological data were collected from medical records.

Isolation and characterization of lytic bacteriophages from various sources in Addis Ababa against antimicrobial-resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains and evaluation of their therapeutic potential.

Background: Escherichia coli is a common fecal coliform, facultative aerobic, gram-negative bacterium. Pathogenic strains of such microbes have evolved to cause diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and septicemias. The emergence of antibiotic resistance urged the identification of an alternative strategy.

The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 and 11 in Ethiopian breast cancer patients.

Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pathophysiological role in cancer initiation and progression. Numerous studies have examined an association between MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-11 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer (BC); however, no research has been done on the MMP expression levels in BC cases from Ethiopia.

Materials And Methods: A total of 58 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tissue samples encompassing 16 benign breast tumors and 42 BC were collected.

Loop mediated isothermal amplification as a molecular diagnostic assay: Application and evaluation for detection of Enterohaemorrhagic (O157:H7).

Purpose: This study aimed at evaluating the performance of the Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) diagnostic test, which targets the putative Fimbria protein-encoding gene (Z3276) for rapid and specific detection of locally isolated enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) O157:H7.

Results: A total number of 40 locally available bacteria isolates and standard strains, among them 6 (O157:H7) and 10 entropathogenic , 7 non diarrheic strains and 13 non entrohemorrhagic shiga toxic (stx) isolates as well as 4 pathogenic non species were used to optimize and evaluate the LAMP assay. The LAMP amplified DNA samples were visualized as turbid DNA both by naked eye and gel electrophoresis followed by staining.

AMMI and GGE Biplot Analyses for Mega-Environment Identification and Selection of Some High-Yielding Oat ( L.) Genotypes for Multiple Environments.

This paper reports an evaluation of eleven oat genotypes in four environments for two consecutive years to identify high-biomass-yielding, stable, and broadly adapted genotypes in selected parts of Ethiopia. Genotypes were planted and evaluated with a randomized complete block design, which was repeated three times. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis of variances revealed that the environment, genotype, and genotype-environment interaction had a significant ( ≤ 0.

Treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax with chloroquine plus radical cure with primaquine without G6PDd testing is safe in Arba Minch, Ethiopia: assessment of clinical and parasitological response.

Background: Ethiopia rolled out primaquine nationwide in 2018 for radical cure along with chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria in its bid for malaria elimination by 2030. The emergence of anti-malarial drug resistance would challenge the elimination goal. There is limited evidence on the emergence of chloroquine drug resistance.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Selected Ethiopian Indigenous Cattle Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers.

Background: In Ethiopia, livestock contributes 45% of agricultural GDP. Despite the economic role played by the sector, there have been little efforts to genetically improve the indigenous cattle. Morphological characterization of selected Ethiopian indigenous cattle has been made for (Bonga, Jimma, and Kerayu) cattle types.

Occurrence of Pathotypes in Diarrheic Calves in a Low-Income Setting.

Different pathotypes are common zoonotic agents. Some of these pathotypes cause recurrent and widespread calf diarrhea and contribute to significant economic losses in the livestock sector worldwide in addition to putting humans at risk. Here, we investigated the occurrence of pathotypes in diarrheic calves in Ethiopia kept under various calf management practices.

Prevalence of Campylobacter species and associated risk factors for contamination of dairy products collected in a dry season from major milk sheds in Ethiopia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for contamination of Ethiopian dairy products with Campylobacter. A total of 912 dairy food samples were collected from establishments of 682 study participants that were interviewed. Samples were tested for Campylobacter by following the ISO 10272-1:2017 standard and PCR confirmation.

Brucellosis in Ethiopia: A comprehensive review of literature from the year 2000-2020 and the way forward.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of considerable economic and public health significance globally. Despite the limited bacteriological evidence, a large number of serological works revealed that it is prevalent both in livestock and humans in Ethiopia. The current comprehensive review was carried out to provide apparent pooled seroprevalence (APS) estimates at individual animal and herd levels in livestock, and identify factors causing variability between studies conducted over the last two decades, show the spatial distribution, as well as summarizes Brucella species reported from livestock.