Early effect of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination on cytology outcomes in cervical samples among young women in the Netherlands.

Background: The first HPV-vaccine eligible cohorts in the Netherlands will enter the cervical screening program in 2023. However, a substantial number of young women already have had a cervical sample taken before entry into the regular screening program. This study was initiated to explore early effects of HPV vaccination on detection of cytological abnormalities in cervical samples of women younger than the screening age.

Vaccine Effectiveness Following Routine Immunization With Bivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine: Protection Against Incident Genital HPV Infections From a Reduced-Dosing Schedule.

Background: In the Netherlands, the bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been offered to preadolescent girls via the National Immunization Program in a 2-dose schedule since 2014. The current study estimates vaccine effectiveness (VE) against HPV infections up to 4 years postvaccination among girls eligible for routine 2-dose immunization.

Methods: A cohort study (HAVANA2) was used in which participants annually filled out an online questionnaire and provided a vaginal self-sample for determination of HPV by the SPF10-LiPA25 assay, able to detect 25 HPV types.

Partial Protective Effect of Bivalent Human Papillomavirus 16/18 Vaccination Against Anogenital Warts in a Large Cohort of Dutch Primary Care Patients.

Background: There is ongoing debate about the possible protective effect of the bivalent human papillomavirus (2vHPV) vaccine, targeting oncogenic types HPV-16/18, against anogenital warts (AGWs), commonly attributed to HPV-6/11. We performed a retrospective registry-based open cohort study to assess the effect of 2vHPV vaccination on AGWs.

Methods: We linked general practice (ie, primary care) data from women born between 1993 and 2002, who had been eligible for HPV vaccination in the Netherlands, to the Dutch national immunization registry on an individual level.

Long-term HPV-specific immune response after one versus two and three doses of bivalent HPV vaccination in Dutch girls.

Background: In view of further reduction of HPV vaccination schedules, gaining more insight into humoral and cellular immune responses after a single HPV vaccine is of great interest. Therefore, these responses were evaluated after different doses of the bivalent (2v) HPV-vaccine in girls.

Methods: Blood was collected yearly up to seven years post-vaccination with one-, two- or three-doses of the 2vHPV vaccine (N = 890).

Persistence of immune response following bivalent HPV vaccination: A follow-up study among girls routinely vaccinated with a two-dose schedule.

Background: In this cohort study, we examined antibody levels and avidity after a two-dose schedule (0, 6 months) of the bivalent HPV-vaccine in girls routinely vaccinated in the Dutch HPV-vaccination program, up to 2 years following vaccination.

Methods: A blood sample at 7, 12 and 24 months after the first dose and questionnaire data were collected (n = 56). HPV type-specific antibody concentrations (lU/ml) against seven types (HPV16/18/31/33/45/52/58) were assessed using a validated virus-like particles (VLP) multiplex immunoassay.

Immune Responses After 2 Versus 3 Doses of HPV Vaccination up to 4½ Years After Vaccination: An Observational Study Among Dutch Routinely Vaccinated Girls.

Background: In 2014 the Netherlands switched from 3 to 2 doses for routine vaccination with the prophylactic bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The current study explored whether antibody responses are noninferior after 2 versus 3 doses in girls.

Methods: Girls vaccinated at 12 years of age with 2 (at 0 and 6 months) or 3 doses (at 0, 1, and 6 months) of the bivalent HPV vaccine were identified in the vaccination registration system.

Mumps-specific cross-neutralization by MMR vaccine-induced antibodies predicts protection against mumps virus infection.

Background: Similar to other recent mumps genotype G outbreaks worldwide, most mumps patients during the recent mumps genotype G outbreaks in the Netherlands had received 2 doses of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine during childhood. Here, we investigate the capacity of vaccine-induced antibodies to neutralize wild type mumps virus strains, including mumps virus genotype G.

Methods: In this study, we tested 105 pre-outbreak serum samples from students who had received 2 MMR vaccine doses and who had no mumps virus infection (n=76), symptomatic mumps virus infection (n=10) or asymptomatic mumps virus infection (n=19) during the mumps outbreaks.

Gender-specific mortality in DTP-IPV- and MMR±MenC-eligible age groups to determine possible sex-differential effects of vaccination: an observational study.

Background: Several studies suggested that vaccines could have non-specific effects on mortality depending on the type of vaccine. Non-specific effects seem to be different in boys and girls. In this study we want to investigate whether there are differences in gender-specific mortality among Dutch children according to the last vaccination received.

Mumps serum antibody levels before and after an outbreak to assess infection and immunity in vaccinated students.

Background: Since 2009, various mumps outbreaks have occurred in the Netherlands, affecting mostly young adults vaccinated against mumps. In this retrospective study, we estimated attack rates for symptomatic and asymptomatic mumps virus infection based on mumps-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G concentrations in paired blood samples obtained before and after the mumps outbreaks, collected in 2 university cities. We aimed to identify a serological correlate of immune protection and risk factors for mumps virus infection.