Changes in social participation between 1 and 2 years following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To examine patterns of change in social participation in persons with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) between 1 and 2 years postinjury, and predictors of observed change.

Participants: 375 participants with msTBI enrolled in a single TBI Model System site.

Measures And Methods: The dependent variable in a linear regression was a reliable change score for the Social Relations subscale of the Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective, administered at 1- and 2-year follow-ups.

Predictors of Treatment Response to a Psychoeducational Intervention for Anger in Chronic Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: The investigators examined predictors of treatment response to anger self-management training (ASMT) among patients with chronic moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: A multicenter randomized clinical trial comprising 90 participants with moderate-severe TBI was conducted. Fifty-four participants who were randomly assigned to receive active treatment and provided complete data were included in the current secondary analysis.

Ecological momentary assessment of affect in context after traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: To describe where, with whom, and how time was spent daily, and to characterize positive and negative affect, boredom, enjoyment, and perceived accomplishment as a function of time, activity, location, and social context, in people with chronic moderate-severe traumatic brain injury and depression/anxiety.

Research Method: Participants (N = 23) responded to a smartphone app five times daily for approximately 2 weeks prior to treatment in a trial of Behavioral Activation. The app queried activity and physical/social context; concurrent positive and negative affect; and perceived boredom, enjoyment, and accomplishment.

Treatment of Psychiatric Problems After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Psychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause significant and often chronic impairment in functioning and quality of life; however, their phenomenological and mechanistic complexities continue to present significant treatment challenges. The clinical presentation is often an amalgam of syndromes and co-occurring symptoms that require a highly nuanced and systematic approach to treatment. Although few randomized controlled trials have tested treatments for psychiatric problems after TBI and the synthesis of results continues to be compromised by the heterogeneity of study populations, small samples, and differing inclusion criteria and outcome measures, an increasing body of literature supports evidence-based treatment strategies.

Psychosocial and Functional Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Veterans and Service Members With TBI: A VA TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To identify psychosocial and functional predictors of self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms at year 2 following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Five Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers (PRCs) within the TBI Model Systems (TBIMS).

Participants: A total of 319 service members/veterans enrolled in VA TBIMS who were eligible for and completed both 1- and 2-year follow-up evaluations.

Improving transition from inpatient rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury: Protocol for the BRITE pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial.

Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of long-term disability. Due to challenges that include inconsistent access to follow-up care, persons with TBI being discharged from inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) are at risk for rehospitalization, poor reintegration into the community, family stress, and other unfavorable outcomes resulting from unmet needs. In a six-center randomized pragmatic comparative effectiveness study, the BRITE trial (Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Improving the Transition Experience, ClinicalTrials.

Brain Injury Functional Outcome Measure (BI-FOM): A Single Instrument Capturing the Range of Recovery in Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To develop a measure of global functioning after moderate-severe TBI with similar measurement precision but a longer measurement range than the FIM.

Design: Phase 1: retrospective analysis of 5 data sets containing FIM, Disability Rating Scale, and other assessment items to identify candidate items for extending the measurement range of the FIM; Phase 2: prospective administration of 49 candidate items from phase 1, with Rasch analysis to identify a unidimensional scale with an extended range.

Setting: Six TBI Model System rehabilitation hospitals.

Improving communication with patients in post-traumatic amnesia: development and impact of a clinical protocol.

Objective: To assess the impact of staff training focused on improved treatment and communication with patients in post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) or other disorders of explicit (declarative) memory. A major aim was to minimize questions demanding recall from explicit memory, e.g.

Heterogeneity in Temporal Ordering of Depression and Participation After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To examine heterogeneity in the temporal patterns of depression and participation over the first 2 years post traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Observational prospective longitudinal study.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation centers, with 1- and 2-year follow-up conducted primarily by telephone.

The Association Between Community Participation and Social Internet Use Among Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To examine the association between social Internet use and real-world societal participation in survivors of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional observational study.

Setting: Ten Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Centers.

Influence of Prior and Intercurrent Brain Injury on 5-Year Outcome Trajectories After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To characterize the influence of additional (both prior and subsequent) traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) on recovery after a moderate to severe index TBI.

Setting: Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems centers.

Participants: Persons with moderate to severe TBI (N = 5054) enrolled in the TBI Model Systems National Database with complete outcome data for the outcomes of interest at 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-up.

Psychoeducational Interventions for Problematic Anger in Chronic Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Study of Treatment Enactment.

Objectives: Treatment enactment, a final stage of treatment implementation, refers to patients' application of skills and concepts from treatment sessions into everyday life situations. We examined treatment enactment in a two-arm, multicenter trial comparing two psychoeducational treatments for persons with chronic moderate to severe traumatic brain injury and problematic anger.

Methods: Seventy-one of 90 participants from the parent trial underwent a telephone enactment interview at least 2 months (median 97 days, range 64-586 days) after cessation of treatment.

Behavioral Activation Augmented With Mobile Technology for Depression and Anxiety in Chronic Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To describe and provide the rationale for a randomized controlled trial for depression or anxiety after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), which will test 2 treatments based on behavioral activation (BA), a promising model to promote both positive mood and increased activity in this population.

Design: Randomized controlled trial with masked outcome assessment.

Setting: Outpatient catchment area of 1 TBI treatment center.

Neurocognitive status and return to work after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.

Purpose/objective: To examine the relationship of cognitive status to employment outcomes at 1-year post moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), using a brief telephone-administered instrument. Research Method/Design: Prospective longitudinal study in which 320 people with moderate-severe TBI, all employed at injury, were enrolled during inpatient rehabilitation and evaluated at 1-year postinjury. Follow-up measures included whether and when participants had returned to work (RTW), and cognitive status assessed with the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT).

There's no cure for brain injury: work-related stress in brain injury rehabilitation professionals.

: To explore the experience of work-related stress in brain injury professionals and to identify the contributing factors to work-related stress. : 17 brain injury professionals participated in one-time interviews conducted either in person or utilising video conferencing. The data were analysed utilising a Grounded Theory approach.

Myelin water imaging of moderate to severe diffuse traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI), a signature injury of traumatic brain injury (TBI), is increasingly known to involve myelin damage. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the clinical relevance of myelin water imaging (MWI) by first quantifying changes in myelin water after TAI and then correlating those changes with measures of injury severity and neurocognitive performance. Scanning was performed at 3 months post-injury in 22 adults with moderate to severe diffuse TBI and 30 demographically matched healthy controls using direct visualization of short transverse component (ViSTa) MWI.

Promoting mental health in traumatic brain injury using single-session Behavioural Activation and SMS messaging: A randomized controlled trial.

We compared two treatments for depression and/ or anxiety in chronic moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02061553). Fifty-nine participants were randomized 2:1 to a single session of Behavioural Activation followed by 8 weeks of daily SMS (text) messages in the form of implementation intentions supporting individualized goals for increased rewarding/ meaningful activities (INT), or a single (attention control) session focused on the importance of motivation followed by 8 weeks of motivational SMS messages (MOT).

Longitudinal Effects of Medical Comorbidities on Functional Outcome and Life Satisfaction After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Individual Growth Curve Analysis of NIDILRR Traumatic Brain Injury Model System Data.

Objective: To explore associations of specific physical and neuropsychiatric medical conditions to motor and cognitive functioning and life satisfaction over the first 10 years following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Telephone follow-up through 6 TBI Model System centers.

Participants: In total, 404 individuals or proxies with TBI enrolled in the TBI Model System longitudinal study participating in 10-year follow-up.

Neuropsychological Characteristics of the Confusional State Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objectives: Individuals with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience a transitory state of impaired consciousness and confusion often called posttraumatic confusional state (PTCS). This study examined the neuropsychological profile of PTCS.

Methods: Neuropsychometric profiles of 349 individuals in the TBI Model Systems National Database were examined 4 weeks post-TBI (±2 weeks).

Predictive utility of an adapted Marshall head CT classification scheme after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To study the predictive relationship among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) between an objective indicator of injury severity (the adapted Marshall computed tomography [CT] classification scheme) and clinical indicators of injury severity in the acute phase, functional outcomes at inpatient rehabilitation discharge, and functional and participation outcomes at 1 year after injury, including death.

Participants: The sample involved 4895 individuals who received inpatient rehabilitation following acute hospitalization for TBI and were enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database between 1989 and 2014.

Design: Head CT variables for each person were fit into adapted Marshall CT classification categories I through IV.

Prevalence of Medical and Psychiatric Comorbidities Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of selected medical and psychiatric comorbidities that existed prior to or up to 10 years following traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring acute rehabilitation.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Six TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) centers.