Dose optimization of cefazolin in South African children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cefazolin is an antibiotic used to prevent surgical site infections. During cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), its efficacy target could be underachieved. We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for cefazolin in children and optimize the prophylactic dosing regimen.

Regional spread of an atypical ESBL-producing ST131H89 clone among different human and environmental reservoirs in Western Switzerland.

We describe the inter-regional spread of a novel ESBL-producing subclone (ST131H89) in long-term care facility residents, general population, and environmental water sources in Western Switzerland between 2017 and 2020. The study highlights the importance of molecular surveillance for tracking emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens in healthcare and community settings.

Gut microbiome dynamics in index patients colonized with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales after hospital discharge and their household contacts.

Colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) often precedes infections and is therefore considered as a great threat for public health. Here, we studied the gut microbiome dynamics in eight index patients colonized with ESBL-PE after hospital discharge and the impact of exposure to this index patient on the gut microbiome dynamics of their household contacts. We showed that the microbiome composition from index patients is different from their household contacts upon hospital discharge and that, in some of the index patients, their microbiome composition over time shifted toward the composition of their household contacts.

External validation of WGS-based antimicrobial susceptibility prediction tools, KOVER-AMR and ResFinder 4.1, for Escherichia coli clinical isolates.

Objective: To externally validate whole genome sequence-antimicrobial susceptibility testing phenotype prediction tools KOVER-AMR and ResFinder 4.1 for Escherichia coli clinical isolates from Dutch routine care.

Methods: A random sample of 234 E.

Populations of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are different in human-polluted environment and food items: a multicentre European study.

Objectives: To assess the extent to which food items are a source of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) and ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) for humans in five European cities.

Methods: We sampled 122 human polluted (hp)-environments (sewers and polluted rivers, as a proxy of human contamination) and 714 food items in Besançon (France), Geneva (Switzerland), Sevilla (Spain), Tübingen (Germany) and Utrecht (The Netherlands). A total of 254 ESBL-Ec and 39 ESBL-Kp isolates were cultured.

Household acquisition and transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Enterobacteriaceae after hospital discharge of ESBL-positive index patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine rates and risk factors of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) acquisition and transmission within households after hospital discharge of an ESBL-PE-positive index patient.

Methods: Two-year prospective cohort study in five European cities. Patients colonized with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp), and their household contacts were followed up for 4 months after hospital discharge of the index case.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and non-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates causing bacteremia in the Netherlands (2014 - 2016) differ in clonal distribution, antimicrobial resistance gene and virulence gene content.

Background: Knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli causing E. coli bacteremia (ECB) in the Netherlands is mostly based on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec).

mlplasmids: a user-friendly tool to predict plasmid- and chromosome-derived sequences for single species.

Assembly of bacterial short-read whole-genome sequencing data frequently results in hundreds of contigs for which the origin, plasmid or chromosome, is unclear. Complete genomes resolved by long-read sequencing can be used to generate and label short-read contigs. These were used to train several popular machine learning methods to classify the origin of contigs from Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli using pentamer frequencies.