The Clinical Relevance of the Lingual Branch in Ridge Augmentation of the Posterior Mandible: A Pilot Cadaver Study.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) requires a tension-free flap without damaging the collateral circulation in order to secure better surgical outcomes. Topographic knowledge regarding the neurovascular bundles in the posterior aspect of the mandible can prevent complications during lingual flap design. The lingual branch (LB) of the inferior alveolar or maxillary arteries is not sufficiently illustrated or described in the literature.

A Unique Foramen Magnum with a Posterior Notch.

The foramen magnum is an important structure of the skull base. A unique foramen magnum with posterior notching was found in an adult male skull, around 60 years old at death. The posterior notch was roughly V-shaped and resulted in posterior elongation of the foramen magnum.

Simultaneous Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve and Sciatic Nerve Variations: A Case Report.

During the routine dissection of a formalin fixed Caucasian cadaver, a previously unreported variation of the sacral plexus was found in the right gluteal region. The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve was found to pierce the piriformis muscle as opposed to running along its more common course below the muscle. At the same level of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, the common fibular nerve also pierced the piriformis muscle, while the tibial nerve passed inferior to the piriformis muscle.

Revisiting the Vertebral Venous Plexus-A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

The venous drainage of the vertebral and paravertebral regions is important for a better understanding of hematogenous disease spread. Moreover, the spine surgeon must be well acquainted with this anatomy to minimize intraoperative and postoperative complications. A comprehensive review of the vertebral venous plexus (Batson plexus) was performed with a concentration on the clinical and surgical correlations of this venous network.

Reunification of a split sciatic nerve.

Sciatic nerve (SN) variaitons can result in interesting clinical presentations. We identified a SN variant that does not fit into preexisting classification schemes. In an adult male cadaver, the SN was found to divide proximally and partly exit through the piriformis muscle.

Foramen Magnum Variant With Elongation of the Anterior Notch.

Morphological variations of the foramen magnum (FM) have been demonstrated to have different shapes and sizes, according to sex, age, and ethnicity. In this report, an ancient Roman skull was found to have a unique anterior notching further specified as an anterior elongation of the FM. To our knowledge, this feature has not been previously reported.

Mandibular canal vs. inferior alveolar canal: Evidence-based terminology analysis.

Introduction: The mandibular canal, as it was formerly named in Terminologia Anatomica (TA), has also been called the inferior alveolar (nerve) canal in many scientific publications. This study was conducted to investigate how these terms have been understood in different regions and different areas of expertise and to discuss the appropriate future application of the term "mandibular canal."

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, and articles using different terms for this structure were classified into two groups, inferior alveolar canal/inferior alveolar nerve canal (IAC/IANC) and the mandibular canal (MC).

Arterial Supply to the Pituitary Gland: A Comprehensive Review.

Knowledge of the blood supply to the pituitary gland is important for clinicians and surgeons. Therefore, a good working knowledge of this anatomy is important. The goal of this article was to review current anatomic knowledge of the blood supply to the pituitary gland and its clinical relevance.