Concomitant Treatment with Doxycycline and Rifampicin in Balb/c Mice Infected with 2308 Fails to Reduce Inflammation and Motor Disability.

Brucellosis is an infection widely distributed around the world, and in some countries it is considered a public health problem. Brucellosis causes insidious symptoms that make it difficult to diagnose. Infection can also trigger chronic pain and neuropsychiatric complications.

Neuroinflammation, Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis, and Depression: The Vicious Circle.

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, contributing to the global disease burden. From above, it is a priority to investigate models that fully explain its physiopathology to develop new treatments. In the last decade, many studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis influences brain functions and participate, in association with immunity, in the pathogenesis of depression.

The oxytocin receptor represents a key hub in the GPCR heteroreceptor network: potential relevance for brain and behavior.

In the last 10 years, it has become increasingly clear that large numbers of axon collaterals extend from the oxytocin (OXT) hypothalamic axons, especially the parvocellular components, to other brain regions. Consequently, the OXT signaling system forms, like other monoamine axons, a rich functional network across several brain regions. In this manuscript, we review the recently indicated higher order G-protein coupled heteroreceptor complexes of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), and how these, allosteric receptor-receptor interactions modulate the recognition, signaling, and trafficking of the participating receptor protomers and their potential impact for brain and behavior.

Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in Eight Blood Banks in Mexico.

Background: The true prevalence of Chagas disease in Mexico is unknown. However, it has been estimated that 1.1-4 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, which represents a potential risk for transmission of the disease via contaminated blood.

Down Regulation of Expression by Calmodulin Inhibitor (Calmidazolium): Possible Implications for Fertility.

The CatSper channel localizes exclusively in the flagella of sperm cells. The Catsper1 protein, together with three pore units, is essential for the CatSper Channel formation, which produces flagellum hyperactivation and confers sperm fertility. expression is dependent on Sox transcription factors, which can recognize in vitro at least three Sox binding sites on the promoter.

Dysfunctional Heteroreceptor Complexes as Novel Targets for the Treatment of Major Depressive and Anxiety Disorders.

Among mental diseases, major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety deserve a special place due to their high prevalence and their negative impact both on society and patients suffering from these disorders. Consequently, the development of novel strategies designed to treat them quickly and efficiently, without or at least having limited side effects, is considered a highly important goal. Growing evidence indicates that emerging properties are developed on recognition, trafficking, and signaling of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) upon their heteromerization with other types of GPCRs, receptor tyrosine kinases, and ionotropic receptors such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.

Protease and gag diversity and drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive Mexican people living with HIV.

Introduction: In Mexico, HIV genotyping is performed in people living with HIV (PLWH) failing their first-line antiretroviral (ARV) regimen; it is not routinely done for all treatment-naive PLWH before ARV initiation. The first nationally representative survey published in 2016 reported that the prevalence of pretreatment drug mutations in treatment-naive Mexican PLWH was 15.5% to any antiretroviral drug and 10.

Protein Phosphatase PP2C Identification in spp.

is the causative agent of amoebiasis, and is its noninvasive morphological twin. is a reptilian parasite. In the present study, Western blot, phosphatase activity, immunofluorescence, and bioinformatic analyses were used to identify PP2C phosphatases of , , and PP2C was identified in trophozoites of all species and cysts of .

Ophthalmic Administration of a DNA Plasmid Harboring the Murine Tph2 Gene: Evidence of Recombinant Tph2-FLAG in Brain Structures.

Tryptophan hydroxylase-type 2 (Tph2) is the first rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain. The ophthalmic administration (Op-Ad) is a non-invasive method that allows delivering genetic vehicles through the eye and reaches the brain. Here, the murine Tph2 gene was cloned in a non-viral vector (pIRES-hrGFP-1a), generating pIRES-hrGFP-1a-Tph2, plus the FLAG-tag.

Human CATSPER1 Promoter Is Regulated by CREB1 and CREMτ Transcriptional Factors In Vitro.

Background: The CATSPER1 gene encodes a CATSPER channel protein that selectively permeates Ca ions, and CATSPER expression in sperm is essential for flagellum hyperactivation and, thus, male fertility. Little is known regarding the transcriptional regulation of CATSPER1, but previous studies have performed in silico analyses of transcription factor binding sites, including three CRE sites designated 0-2, in which CRE0 is located near the transcription start site.

Objetives: We investigate if overexpression of CREB-A and CREMτ transcription factors might regulate CATSPER1 expression.

CYP2C9*3 gene variant contributes independently to glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with glibenclamide.

What Is Known And Objective: Glibenclamide is a prescribed glucose-lowering medication for diabetes, but there are interindividual variations in the therapeutic response. In this cross-sectional study, the aim was to explore the association of genetic variants in CYP2C9, ABCC8, KCNJ11 and TCF7L2 with good glycaemic control in Mexican type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with glibenclamide.

Methods: Patients with T2D receiving treatment with glibenclamide or glibenclamide plus metformin were included.

Intranasal Administration of a Naked Plasmid Reached Brain Cells and Expressed Green Fluorescent Protein, a Candidate for Future Gene Therapy Studies.

Background: Intranasal administration (Int adm) has been well-studied and offers the possibility to deliver larger molecular weight biologics, such as proteins, viral vectors, nanoparticles, and naked plasmids to the brain and treat a variety of diseases in the central nervous system. The predominant challenge in this field is finding efficient vectors that are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Objectives: Here, we investigated whether a naked plasmid (pIRES-hrGFP-1a), could cross the BBB, reach brain cells and express green fluorescent protein (GFP) after int-adm and propose it as candidate for future gene therapy studies.

Prolactin levels correlate with abnormal B cell maturation in MRL and MRL/lpr mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease.

Prolactin (PRL) plays an important role in modulating the immune response. In B cells, PRL enhances antibody production, including antibodies with self-specificity. In this study, our aims were to determine the level of PRL receptor expression during bone-marrow B-cell development and to assess whether the presence of high PRL serum concentrations influences absolute numbers of developing populations and disease outcome in lupus-prone murine models.

Role of prenatal undernutrition in the expression of serotonin, dopamine and leptin receptors in adult mice: implications of food intake.

Perturbations in the levels of serotonin expression have a significant impact on behavior and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders including anxiety, mood and appetite. Fetal programming is a risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases during adulthood. Moreover, previous studies have shown that serotonin (5‑HT), dopamine and leptin are important in energy balance.

Molecular cloning and analysis of the Catsper1 gene promoter.

CatSper channels are essential for hyperactivity of sperm flagellum, progesterone-mediated chemotaxis and oocyte fertilization. Catsper genes are exclusively expressed in the testis during spermatogenesis, but the function and regulation of the corresponding promoter regions are unknown. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the promoter regions in the human and murine Catsper1 genes.

Anti-diarrheal activity of (-)-epicatechin from Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat: experimental and computational studies.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat is frequently used in Mexican traditional medicine as well as in Guatemalan for several medicinal purposes, including their use in the control of diarrhea.

Aim Of The Study: This work was undertaken to obtain additional information that support the traditional use of Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat, on pharmacological basis using the major antisecretory isolated compound from computational, in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Materials And Methods: (-)-Epicatechin was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of the plant crude extract.

Increased levels of prolactin receptor expression correlate with the early onset of lupus symptoms and increased numbers of transitional-1 B cells after prolactin treatment.

Background: Prolactin is secreted from the pituitary gland and other organs, as well as by cells such as lymphocytes. Prolactin has an immunostimulatory effect and is associated with autoimmune diseases that are characterised by abnormal B cell activation, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was to determine if different splenic B cell subsets express the prolactin receptor and if the presence of prolactin influences these B cell subsets and correlates with development of lupus.

Intranasal anti-rabies DNA immunization promotes a Th1-related cytokine stimulation associated with plasmid survival time.

Background And Aims: DNA vaccination has a great potential to decrease infectious diseases worldwide, such as rabies. Here we showed the effects of a single anti-rabies DNA vaccination applied intranasally (IN) on plasmid survival time, neutralizing antibody (NA) titers, G-protein expression and Th1/Th2-related cytokines.

Methods: Only one 50-μg dose of an anti-rabies DNA vaccine was IN administered to 160 Balb/c mice.

The activation of CD14, TLR4, and TLR2 by mmLDL induces IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 secretion in human monocytes and macrophages.

Unlabelled: Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease in which monocytes and macrophages are critical. These cells express CD14, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and TLR4 on their surfaces, are activated by minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) and are capable of secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this research was thus to demonstrate that the activation of CD14, TLR2, and TLR4 by mmLDL induces the secretion of cytokines.

Activation of TLR2 and TLR4 by minimally modified low-density lipoprotein in human macrophages and monocytes triggers the inflammatory response.

Oxidized low-density lipoproteins and Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The TLR are important in the pro-inflammatory response. The aim of this research was to analyze the activation of CD14, TLR4, and TLR2 in response to minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL).

Frequency of the serological reactivity against the caprine arthritis encephalitis lentivirus gp135 in children who consume goat milk.

Background: Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a retrovirus belonging to the lentivirus genus that also includes the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CAEV may be transmitted to humans by goat milk consumption. It has been suggested that CAEV may also be involved in the immunological protection process against HIV, but this has not been demonstrated.

Efficient post-exposure prophylaxis against rabies by applying a four-dose DNA vaccine intranasally.

We tested two post-exposure prophylaxes (PEPs) for rabies in laboratory animals; one was a traditional antirabies vaccine for humans via intramuscular route (IM), and the other was a DNA vaccine administered by intranasal route (IN). In contrast to The World Health Organization's recommended five-dose PEP, we gave only four doses without hyper-immune antirabies sera, making the PEP more rigorous. All animals were challenged with challenge virus strain (CVS); 16h later, PEP was applied.