Seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and trypanosome species distribution in Jimma Horo district, Oromia regional state, Western Ethiopia.

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in rainy (June 2019) and dry (February 2020) seasons in Jimma Horoo district, Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 720 blood samples were examined using buffy coat and thin blood smear techniques. The packed cell volume (PCV) of each animal was determined.

Differences in small noncoding RNAs profile between bull X and Y sperm.

The differences in small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), including miRNAs, piRNAs, and tRNA-derived fragments (tsRNAs), between X and Y sperm of mammals remain unclear. Here, we employed high-throughput sequencing to systematically compare the sncRNA profiles of X and Y sperm from bulls ( = 3), which may have a wider implication for the whole mammalian class. For the comparison of miRNA profiles, we found that the abundance of bta-miR-652 and bta-miR-378 were significantly higher in X sperm, while nine miRNAs, including bta-miR-204 and bta-miR-3432a, had greater abundance in Y sperm ( < 0.

Comparative Analysis of V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 3 Gene between Cow and Buffalo Reveals Substantial Differences for Mastitis.

gene is a constituent of the serine/threonine protein kinase family and plays a crucial role in synthesis of milk fats and cholesterol by regulating activity of the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP). is highly conserved in mammals and its expression levels during the lactation periods of cattle are markedly increased. is highly expressed in the intestine followed by mammary gland and it is also expressed in immune cells.

Mechanism of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and host pathogen interplay in bovine mastitis.

Bacterial infection in the mammary gland parenchyma induces local and subsequently systemic inflammation that results in a complex disease. Mastitis in bovine is the result of various factors which function together. This review is aimed to analyze the factors involved in the pathogenesis of common bacterial species for bovine mastitis.

Regulatory roles of ephrinA5 and its novel signaling pathway in mouse primary granulosa cell apoptosis and proliferation.

Recent findings suggest that ephrinA5 (Efna5) has a novel role in female mouse fertility, in addition to its well-defined role as a neurogenesis factor. Nevertheless, its physiological roles in ovarian granulosa cells (GC) have not been determined. In this study, mouse GC were cultured and transfected with ephrin A5 siRNA and negative control to determine the effects of Efna5 on GC apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and related signaling pathways.

Long Non-Coding RNAs: the New Horizon of Gene Regulation in Ovarian Cancer.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-coding transcripts, have recently been emerging with heterogeneous molecular actions, adding a new layer of complexity to gene-regulation networks in tumorigenesis. LncRNAs are considered important factors in several ovarian cancer histotypes, although few have been identified and characterized. Owing to their complexity and the lack of adapted molecular technology, the roles of most lncRNAs remain mysterious.

The Potential of Fermentation and Contamination of Teff by Soil to Influence Iron Intake and Bioavailability from Injera Flatbread.

The high phytic acid (PA) concentration in the diet based on teff injera is a likely contributing cause of iron deficiency in Ethiopia. We monitored PA during teff injera fermentation in 30 households in Debre Zeyit, Ethiopia and evaluated its influence on iron bioavailability, considering contaminant soil iron in teff flour. After fermentation (48h), mean PA concentration in injera batter decreased from 0.

Role and mechanism of AMH in the regulation of Sertoli cells in mice.

Sertoli cells produce anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a glycoprotein belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta family. AMH mediates the regression of Müllerian ducts in the developing male fetus. However, the role of AMH in the regulation of primary Sertoli cells remains unclear.

Rab11a is required for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induced autophagy to promote viral replication.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the leading virus known to cause massive economic loss in pig industry worldwide. In our previous study, transcriptional profiling of PRRSV-infected lung tissue of Tongcheng and Landrane pigs, which have highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) susceptibility differences, showed differential expression of Rab11a. The small GTPase Rab11a regulates intracellular membrane trafficking events involved in autophagy.

MicroRNAs: New Insight in Modulating Follicular Atresia: A Review.

Our understanding of the post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in follicular atresia is limited; however, an important development has been made in understanding the biological regulatory networks responsible for mediating follicular atresia. MicroRNAs have come to be seen as a key regulatory actor in determining cell fate in a wide range of tissues in normal and pathological processes. Profiling studies of miRNAs during follicular atresia and development have identified several putative miRNAs enriched in apoptosis signaling pathways.