Hospitalisations and emergency department presentations by older individuals accessing long-term aged care in Australia.

Objective The study examined emergency department (ED) presentations, unplanned hospitalisations and potentially preventable hospitalisations in older people receiving long-term care by type of care received (i.e. permanent residential aged care or home care packages in the community), in Australia in 2019.

The risk of fractures after entering long-term care facilities.

Background: Stratifying residents at increased risk for fractures in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) can potentially improve awareness and facilitate the delivery of targeted interventions to reduce risk. Although several fracture risk assessment tools exist, most are not suitable for individuals entering LTCF. Moreover, existing tools do not examine risk profiles of individuals at key periods in their aged care journey, specifically at entry into LTCFs.

Excess mortality in residents of aged care facilities during COVID-19 in Australia, 2019-22.

Background: To date, the excess mortality experienced by residential aged care facility (RACF) residents related to COVID-19 has not been estimated in Australia. This study examined (i) the historical mortality trends (2008-09 to 2021-22) and (ii) the excess mortality (2019-20 to 2021-22) of Australian RACF residents.

Methods: A retrospective population-based study was conducted using the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare's GEN website data (publicly available aged care services information).

Quality and safety in residential aged care: an evaluation of a national quality indicator programme.

Background: In Australia, 243 000 individuals live in approximately 2700 residential aged care facilities yearly. In 2019, a National Aged Care Mandatory Quality Indicator programme (QI programme) was implemented to monitor the quality and safety of care in facilities.

Aim: To examine the validity of the QI programme indicators using explicit measure review criteria.

Development of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Risk of Hospitalization With Pressure Injury After Entering Residential Aged Care.

Objectives: Although largely preventable, pressure injury is a major concern in individuals in permanent residential aged care (PRAC). Our study aimed to identify predictors and develop a prognostic model for risk of hospitalization with pressure injury (PI) using integrated Australian aged and health care data.

Design: National retrospective cohort study.

Use of behavioural activation to manage pain: a systematic scoping review.

Background: Behavioural activation (BA) is an effective treatment for depression; however, it is unclear if it can be used to manage pain.

Objectives: To conduct a scoping review of primary research that reported using BA to support people living with chronic pain to understand how BA had been used in relation to pain. In addition, we wanted to understand whether there were any reported changes in that pain, and how and who delivered BA.

Association Between Metabolically Different Adiposity Subtypes and Osteoarthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Objective: In this Mendelian randomization (MR) study, the objective was to investigate the causal effect of metabolically different adiposity subtypes on osteoarthritis.

Methods: We performed 2-sample MR using summary-level data for osteoarthritis (10,083 cases and 40,425 controls) from a genome-wide association using the UK Biobank, and for site-specific osteoarthritis from the Arthritis Research UK Osteoarthritis Genetics consortium. We used 3 classes of genetic instruments, which all increase body mass index but are associated with different metabolic profiles (unfavorable, neutral, and favorable).

A systematic review of scope and quality of health economic evaluations conducted in Ethiopia.

There has been an increased interest in health technology assessment and economic evaluations for health policy in Ethiopia over the last few years. In this systematic review, we examined the scope and quality of healthcare economic evaluation studies in Ethiopia. We searched seven electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, Econlit, York CRD databases and CEA Tufts) from inception to May 2021 to identify published full health economic evaluations of a health-related intervention or programme in Ethiopia.

Medication use quality and safety in older adults: 2020 update.

Improving the quality of medication use and medication safety are important priorities for prescribers who care for older adults. The objective of this article was to identify four exemplary articles with this focus in 2020. We selected high-quality studies that moved the field of research forward and were not merely replication studies.

Use of behavioural activation to manage pain: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Chronic pain is a distressing condition and often poorly treated and managed. Psychological therapies are considered first-line intervention for people with chronic pain. Common psychological therapies require extensive clinician training and specialist qualifications.

Beyond the black stump: rapid reviews of health research issues affecting regional, rural and remote Australia.

Unlabelled: CHAPTER 1: RETAIL INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE THE HEALTHINESS OF FOOD ENVIRONMENTS IN RURAL, REGIONAL AND REMOTE COMMUNITIES: Objective: To synthesise the evidence for effectiveness of initiatives aimed at improving food retail environments and consumer dietary behaviour in rural, regional and remote populations in Australia and comparable countries, and to discuss the implications for future food environment initiatives for rural, regional and remote areas of Australia.

Study Design: Rapid review of articles published between January 2000 and May 2020.

Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), Health and Society Database (Informit) and Rural and Remote Health Database (Informit), and included studies undertaken in rural food environment settings in Australia and other countries.

Potentially inappropriate medication use and related hospital admissions in aged care residents: The impact of dementia.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use at hospital admission and discharge, and the contribution to hospital admission among residential aged care facility residents with and without dementia.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using data from a multihospital prospective cohort study involving consecutively admitted older adults, aged 75 years or older, who were taking 5 or more medications prior to hospital admission and discharged to a residential aged care facility in South Australia. PIM use was identified using the 2015 Screening Tool for Older Persons' Prescription and 2019 Beers criteria.

Medication Use for Comorbidities in People with Alzheimer's Disease: An Australian Population-Based Study.

Background: People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often have multimorbidity and take multiple medicines. Yet few studies have examined medicine utilization for comorbidities comparing people with and without AD.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the patterns of medication use for comorbidities in people with and without AD.

The Impact of Pharmacist Interventions on Quality Use of Medicines, Quality of Life, and Health Outcomes in People with Dementia and/or Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Background: Medication use in people with dementia and/or cognitive impairment (PWD/CI) is challenging. As medication experts, pharmacists have an important role in improving care of this vulnerable population.

Objective: Systematically review evidence for the effectiveness of pharmacist-led interventions on quality use of medicines, quality of life, and health outcomes of PWD/CI.

Potentially inappropriate prescribing in people with dementia: An Australian population-based study.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) using the Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria in people with dementia compared with people without dementia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme 10% sample of pharmacy claims. People with dementia were defined as those dispensed a medicine for dementia (cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, or risperidone for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia) between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2015, aged 65 years or older at 1 January 2016 and alive at the end of 2016.

Potentially inappropriate prescribing before and after initiation of medicines for dementia: An Australian population-based study.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP), as defined by the internationally validated Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria, in 12 months before and after initiation of medicines for dementia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out involving people with their first claim for dispensing of medicines for dementia (cholinesterase inhibitor or memantine) between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2015, aged ≥65 years at 1 January 2016 and alive at the end of 2016. The index date was defined as the date of first supply of medicines for dementia.

A narrative review of problems with medicines use in people with dementia.

Introduction: People with dementia may be particularly susceptible to medication-related problems for various reasons. They include progressive cognitive decline, high sensitivity to the effect of medications on cognition and memory, and increased likelihood of comorbidities.

Areas Covered: This paper aimed to review current literature on the frequency and the types of medication-related problems, and their contribution to hospital admission in people with dementia.

Prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV).

Background: Use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to significant reductions in morbidity and mortality. However, there is a growing concern about metabolic syndromes (MS), among patients receiving cART. Despite this fact, there is limited evidence for the prevalence of the MS among HIV-infected persons receiving cART in developing countries, particularly Ethiopia.

Diabetes related knowledge, self-care behaviours and adherence to medications among diabetic patients in Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: The provision of health education involving self-care and good adherence to medications has been acknowledged to be a cost effective strategy for improving quality of life of diabetes patients. We assessed levels of knowledge about type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), self-care behaviours and adherence to medication among DM patients.

Methods: A facility based cross-sectional survey of 325 adults with T2DM patients attending Jimma University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia was conducted.

Factors associated with glycemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey in Ethiopia.

Background: Even though the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is swelling rapidly in Ethiopia, data regarding glycemic control, a key strategy for marked reduction of diabetes mellitus complications, is scant. We have assessed the status of glycemic control and its contributing factors among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This was a facility based cross-sectional survey of 325 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending in Jimma University Teaching Hospital, South west Ethiopia.

Predictors and treatment outcome of hyperglycemic emergencies at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, southwest Ethiopia.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) commonly known as hyperglycemic emergencies are the two most common life-threatening acute metabolic complications of diabetes. The objective of this study is to assess predictors and treatment outcome of hyperglycemic emergencies (HEs) among diabetic patients admitted to Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH).

Methods: It is a three year retrospective review of medical records of patients admitted with HEs at JUSH.

Adverse drug events in hospitalized children at Ethiopian University Hospital: a prospective observational study.

Background: The nature and magnitude of adverse drug events (ADEs) among hospitalized children in low-income countries is not well described. The aim of this study was thus, to assess the incidence and nature of ADEs in hospitalized children at a teaching hospital in Ethiopia.

Methods: We used prospective observational method to study children that were hospitalized to Jimma University Specialized Hospital between 1 February and 1 May 2011.

Postoperative pain management among surgically treated patients in an Ethiopian hospital.

Background: Incidence of postoperative pain has been reported to be between 47-100%. Ineffective postoperative pain management results in tangible and intangible costs. The purpose of this study was to assess the processes and outcomes of pain management in the surgical wards of Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.