Duration of antibody response to the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in infected or vaccinated individuals - A one year retrospective cohort study.

The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic raised many scientific and medical questions. Of interest are the duration and effectiveness of the humoral immune response, especially since part of the pandemic occurred in the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We retrospectively studied 564 serum samples from 393 post-infected and vaccinated individuals to investigate the longevity and magnitude of the anti-spike IgG response.

SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells exhibit unique responses in infected and vaccinated individuals.

Long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for preventing reinfection. The production of neutralizing antibody (nAb) and B cell differentiation are tightly regulated by T follicular help (T) cells. However, the longevity and functional role of T cell subsets in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients remain poorly defined.

Combination of two rare mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 M gene in patients with severe and prolonged COVID-19.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus significantly changed our knowledge about coronaviruses. The interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the human host, the infection ranges from asymptomatic to lethal, and differences in the degree of disease severity are important examples.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 24 nasopharyngeal swabs from 21 out of 457 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were analysed by whole-genome sequencing.

Decreased ratio of FOXP3/FOXP3CD45RACD4 T cells in peripheral blood is associated with unexplained infertility and ART failure.

Unexplained infertility has a huge social impact and is a significant challenge for both clinicians and researchers. Previous studies have shown the involvement of multiple factors in infertility. Among these, the subset of regulatory T cells is of particular interest for the maternal tolerance towards the semi-allogenic fetus.

ABO-nonidentical liver transplantation from a deceased donor and clinical outcomes following antibody rebound: A case report.

Background: Although ABO-nonidentical and ABO-incompatible liver transplantation (LT) are other options for end-stage liver disease treatment, the development of antibodies against blood group antigens (anti-A/B antibodies) is still a challenge in managing and follow-up of the recipients.

Case Summary: A 56-year-old male with end-stage liver disease with rapid deterioration and poor prognosis was considered to receive a deceased ABO-nonidentical liver graft. All required tests were performed according to our pre-LT diagnostic protocol.

The Dynamic Changes in Soluble CD30 and Regulatory T Cells Before and After Solid Organ Transplantations: A Pilot Study.

Among multiple parameters, applied in the immunologic monitoring of transplantation, the levels of serum soluble CD30 (sCD30) and peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) are very promising. These are relatively new biomarkers, considered to reflect immune activation and tolerance in solid organ transplantation. Results are shown here from a preliminary study on the relevance of sCD30 and Tregs in the monitoring of the early post-transplantation period.

Late Postpregnancy Modifications in the Subset of Peripheral Natural T Regulatory Cells in Healthy Women.

The establishment of a relevant regulatory T cell (Treg) pool in the periphery is of importance to ensure immune homoeostasis. Finely tuned signaling pathways in Tregs control the immune response during extreme endocrine changes in pregnancy and afterward. In this study, we investigate the population of Tregs and, in particular, the natural Tregs (nTregs) in healthy women divided into three groups according to the number of previous pregnancies, if any (Gr.

IFN-γ Attenuates Spontaneous Lymphocyte Proliferation by Fuelling Regulatory T Cells in HIV-1-Infected Patients.

HIV infection is characterized by a high degree of immune activation. It has an impact on CD4 cell count and populations' distribution and function. T regulatory cells (Tregs) were found to play a controversial role in the course of infection because of their beneficial effect on the degree of immune activation and unfavorable influence on the antigen-specific responses.

Design of immunogenic peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes expressed during macrophage infection.

In vitro diagnosis of MTB-infection uses MTB-proteins coded for by genes of the region of differentiation 1 (RD1) of the MTB genome. This study wants to test if proteins preferentially expressed during MTB-intracellular growth might provide new targets for the diagnosis of MTB-infection. To this end seventy-five multiepitopic HLA-promiscuous MTB-peptides were designed by quantitative implemented peptide-binding motif analysis from 3 MTB-protein genes expressed in activated human macrophages (MA), 4 genes expressed during growth in non-activated human macrophages (MN-A), 12 housekeeping genes (HKG) and 6 genes of the RD1 region (RD1) as control.

Correlation between the degree of immune activation, production of IL-2 and FOXP3 expression in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells in HIV-1 infected persons under HAART.

Chronic immune activation is the leading event in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and is associated with depletion of CD4+ T cells and Th1/Th2 imbalance. The role of Tregs in HIV infection is still controversial as these cells may control both immune activation and HIV-specific T cell responses. Aim of the present study was to correlate the degree of immune activation with FOXP3 expression and production of IL-2 and IL-10.

Regulatory T cells and HIV-1 infection.

Recently, it has been emphasized that chronic generalized immune activation is a leading event in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. Supporting evidence comes from observations that in cases of lack of activation, infected subjects maintain a high number of T cells and do not develop AIDS-related events. Despite intensive studies, the exact mechanisms of T-cell activation are still not well understood and options for their control are limited.

Structural development of sucrose-sweetened and sucrose-free sponge cakes during baking.

The influence of sucrose, wheat starch and sorbitol upon the heat- and mass-exchanging processes forming the structure of sponge cake was studied. Under the influence of wheat starch and sorbitol the structure of the sucrose-free sponge cake was formed at more uniform total moisture release. This process was done at lower temperatures and smoother change of the sponge cake height with respect to the sucrose-sweetened sponge cake.

Low-dose prolonged intermittent interleukin-2 adjuvant therapy: results of a randomized trial among human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with advanced immune impairment.

Twenty-two patients with CD4(+)cell counts View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Comparative study of texture of normal and energy reduced sponge cakes.

The complete sucrose elimination and its replacement by microencapsulated aspartame (Nutra Sweet) and bulking agents (sorbitol, wheat starch and wheat germ) on the physical and textural sensory characteristics of two diabetic sponge cakes against a control sponge cake was studied. Mathematical and statistical methods were used and regression models worked out, describing the physical and textural characteristics of the three sponge cakes and their values were optimized. The effect on the porosity, springiness, volume and shrinkage of sponge takes was substantial and depended on the amount of the added ingredients.