Clonidine-ephedrine combination reduces pain on injection of propofol and blunts hemodynamic stress responses during the induction sequence.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the effects of clonidine and ephedrine on propofol-induced pain and on hemodynamic changes during the induction sequence.

Design: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

Setting: The study was conducted at a university hospital.

[Anesthetic managements of the patients receiving catheterizable cecostomy].

To improve the quality of life of patients suffering from spinal cord injury, "Catheterizable cecostomy" operation have recently been carried out. In the procedure, cathetelizable stoma is opened and patients are able to control the excretion by injecting enema solution through the stoma. Although operations are usually performed under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, special considerations sometimes need to be taken for airway management.

[Effects of clonidine and midazolam on postoperative shivering, nausea, and vomiting].

Background: Postoperative shivering, nausea, and vomiting are common problems after general anesthesia. We compared the effects of clonidine and those of midazolam on postoperative shivering, nausea and vomiting in elderly patients.

Methods: We studied 40 elderly patients (age > 60 yr) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia.

Epidural ropivacaine anesthesia decreases the bispectral index during the awake phase and sevoflurane general anesthesia.

The sedative effects of epidural anesthesia without volatile and IV anesthetics and quantification of the degree of epidural anesthesia-induced sedation have not been investigated. In the current study we evaluated the effects of epidural anesthesia on the bispectral index (BIS) during the awake phase and during general anesthesia. After placing the epidural catheter, the patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups receiving either 5 mL of epidural saline (group S) or the same volume of 0.

[Double-lumen tracheostomy tube (Tracheopart) used in two patients for one-lung ventilation under general anesthesia].

Double-lumen tracheostomy tube (Tracheopart, RUSCH) is now available in Japan. We used the device to perform one-lung ventilation in two patients with previous laryngectomy and permanent tracheostomy. Reliable fixation and observation of the right position during the operation are especially important throughout the procedure.

[Refractory generalized convulsions in a patient undergoing brain tumor resection during propofol anesthesia].

Propofol has been used to treat convulsions, while the drug is known to induce convulsions. We described a case of generalized convulsions during brain tumor resection under propofol anesthesia. A 24-year-old man was scheduled to undergo brain tumor resection.

[Anesthetic management of three patients with myotonic dystrophy in a family].

Case-1: A 24-year-old woman was admitted because of pressing hydramnion. She was treated by ritodrine hydrochlorides leading to rhabdomyolysis, and she was diagnosed as myotonic dystrophy. She underwent cesarean section because of urgent premature birth.

[Two occasions of anesthetic management for a patient with Williams syndrome].

A 5-year-old boy with Williams syndrome received open reduction of fracture of the antebrachium twice. He had been diagnosed as having Williams syndrome with some characteristic symptoms, including elfin face, mental retardation and primary pulmonary hypertension. Williams syndrome has a tetrad of cardiovascular disease, elfin face, mental retardation and hypercalcemia.

Ephedrine, but not phenylephrine, increases bispectral index values during combined general and epidural anesthesia.

Ephedrine and phenylephrine are used to treat hypotension during combined general and epidural anesthesia, and they may change anesthetic depth. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of ephedrine versus phenylephrine on bispectral index (BIS) during combined general and epidural anesthesia. After injection of ropivacaine through the epidural catheter, general anesthesia was induced with propofol and vecuronium, and was maintained with 0.

Doxapram produces a dose-dependent reduction in the shivering threshold in rabbits.

Dopamine is a thermoregulatory neurotransmitter that provokes hypothermia when injected in or near the hypothalamus. Doxapram stimulates release of dopamine from carotid bodies, but is known to have central effects that are probably, at least in part, similarly mediated. We thus tested the hypothesis that doxapram produces a substantial, dose-dependent reduction in the shivering threshold in rabbits.

[Effect of prostaglandin E1 infusion during and after total hip arthroplasty under hypotensive anesthesia on postoperative renal function and urine volume].

Background: We evaluated the effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the renal function and urine volume after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: Twenty patients with normal renal function were randomly divided into two groups. The patients were anesthetized with spinal anesthesia using 0.

Core temperature monitoring with new ventilatory devices.

Unlabelled: Widespread use of new airway devices, such as the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and the cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA), preclude measuring core temperature in the distal esophagus. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that core temperature measured with a thermocouple positioned on a LMA or COPA is sufficiently accurate and precise for clinical use. Temperatures were recorded from thermocouples positioned on the cuffs of LMAs or COPAs in 36 patients scheduled for prolonged orthopedic surgery or therapeutic hyperthermia for cancer.

Systemic, but not pulmonary, hemodynamics are depressed during combined high thoraco-cervical epidural and general anesthesia in dogs.

Purpose: An epidural block is frequently combined with general anesthesia. Both systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics may be affected by high epidural anesthesia and the combined general anesthetic. These effects were investigated in a canine model.

[Anesthetic management in a patient complicated with left coronary artery-left ventricular fistulae].

We have experienced anesthetic management for posterior lumbar interbody fusion in a 76-year-old female with left coronary artery-left ventricular fistulae. She was admitted to our hospital because of chest pain and was found to have left coronary artery-left ventricular fistulae 6 months before this operation. The electrocardiogram at rest showed T-wave inversions in leads V3-V6.

The effects of clonidine premedication on the blood pressure and tachycardiac responses to ephedrine in elderly and young patients during propofol anesthesia.

Unlabelled: We studied the pressor and tachycardiac responses to ephedrine in elderly and young patients given either clonidine or midazolam during propofol anesthesia. In the first experiment, elderly (>60 yr) and young (20-45 yr) patients were randomly allocated to one of four groups according to age and premedicated regimens (n = 16 each; elderly-clonidine [EC], elderly-midazolam [EM], young-clonidine [YC], and young-midazolam [YM]). Under propofol anesthesia, ephedrine was injected, and hemodynamic measurements were made.

[Compartment syndrome in a young male caused by acute alcoholic rhabdomyolysis].

We report a case of young male who developed compartment syndrome of his left leg caused by rhabdomyolysis following a heavy binge of alcohol. The laboratory data on his admission revealed extremely elevated serum levels of CPK (108,021 IU.l-1).

[Anesthetic management of two patients with the history of SMON].

Patients of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON) suffer from neurological disorders for a long time. The authors report anesthetic management of two patients with SMON. One patient was a 82-year-old woman suffering from SMON for 49 years.

[Pretreatment with lidocaine accelerates onset of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-treatment with lidocaine on the onset of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block in a randomized, double-blinded trial. Thirty-one patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups according to the agents administrated 3 min prior to vecuronium injection; Group C, normal saline 0.75 ml.

[Use of magnesium sulfate during resection of pheochromocytoma].

A 75-year-old woman was scheduled to undergo resection of pheochromocytoma under general and epidural anesthesia. Continuous infusion of magnesium sulfate was initiated at the time of tracheal intubation and was terminated at the tumor resection. Intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate were stable, but blood pressure rose above 160 mmHg when the tumor was handled.

[Effect of prostaglandin E1 infusion during and after total hip arthroplasty under hypotensive anesthesia on postoperative liver function and hemorrhage].

We evaluated the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the liver function and hemorrhage after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Twenty patients with normal liver function were randomly divided into two groups. The patients were anesthetized with spinal anesthesia using 0.

Glyburide prevents isoflurane's reducing effects on hydroxyl radical formation in the postischemic reperfused rat heart.

Background: The role of K(ATP) channels in isoflurane's reducing effects on oxygen free radical formation are not well known.

Objectives: To investigate whether glyburide, an ATP-regulated potassium (K(ATP)) channel blocker, abolishes isoflurane-induced cardioprotective effects and whether it affects hydroxyl radical formation in the postischemic reperfused heart.

Animals And Methods: Thirty-nine male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: group C (control, n=10), group I (isoflurane, n=9), group G (glyburide, n=10) and group GI (glyburide and isoflurane, n=10).

[Pre-treatment with ketamine reduces incidence and severity of pain on propofol injection].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-treatment with ketamine on the reduction of pain during injection of propofol in adult patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial. Forty-three patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups according to the agents administered before hand; Group C, normal saline 2 ml and Group K, 1% ketamine 2 ml.

Amrinone improves postischemic myocardial metabolism in the rat heart-lung preparation.

Amrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is a non-glycosidic noncatecholamine with both vasodilator and positive inotropic effects. We were interested in assessing the effect of amrinone on postischemic cardiac performance in the isolated heart-lung preparation. Twenty-four male Wistar-ST rats were used.