Modulation of experimental osteoporosis in rats by the antioxidant beverage effective microorganism-X (EM-X).

Osteoporosis is a disease of aging associated with bone loss that often occurs without symptoms until microarchitectural deterioration becomes so significant that bone fracture occurs. The effective microorganism-X (EM-X) is an antioxidant beverage derived from ferment of unpolished rice, sea weeds and papaya with effective microorganisms of lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria (containing minerals, alpha-tocopherol, lycopene, ubiquinone, saponin and flavonoids). The levels of serum estradiol (E(2)) and the bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femurs were assessed in order to determine the effect of EM-X on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat (an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis).

Antiangiogenic activity of a concentrated effective microorganism fermentation extract.

We have previously demonstrated the possible growth inhibitory activity of both first generation of the effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X) as well as the second generation (EM-X2) on cancer cell lines in vitro. The possible anti-angiogenic potential of EM-X has not been reported. Herein we show that using the concentrated EM-X, the growth of human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUCE) was significantly inhibited in vitro.

Apoptotic potential of the concentrated effective microorganism fermentation extract on human cancer cells.

The effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X, the first generation) was claimed to possess strong anti-oxidation property. On the other hand, we have shown that the second generation of the effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X2) possessed growth inhibition on human cancer cells involving MDA-MB231 breast cancer and K-562 chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells. Elevation of super oxide dismutase activity from EM-X2 treated cancer cell extract was observed.

The antioxidant cocktail, effective microorganism X (EM-X), protects retinal neurons in rats against N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity in vivo.

Injection of the glutamate agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into the vitreous body of rats resulted in severe degeneration of neurons in the retina, with a loss of 81% of ganglion cells and 43% of non-ganglion cells. The cocktail EM-X is a novel antioxidant drink derived from ferment of unpolished rice, papaya and sea-weeds with effective microorganisms (EM-X). In animals treated with an intraperitoneal injection of EM-X, the loss of ganglion cells was reduced to 55% and that of non-ganglion cells to 34% when compared to untreated NMDA-injected retinas.

The antioxidant cocktail effective microorganism X (EM-X) inhibits oxidant-induced interleukin-8 release and the peroxidation of phospholipids in vitro.

The antioxidant beverage EM-X is derived from the ferment of unpolished rice, papaya, and sea-weeds with effective microorganisms. Oxidative stress enhances the expression of proinflammatory genes, causing the release of the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), which mediates a multitude of inflammatory events. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were treated with H(2)O(2) (100 microM) or TNF-alpha (10ng/ml) alone or with the addition of EM-X (100 microl/ml), incubated for 20h, and the release of IL-8, measured using ELISA.