Automated Grooming Detection of Mouse by Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network.

Grooming is a common behavior for animals to care for their fur, maintain hygiene, and regulate body temperature. Since various factors, including stressors and genetic mutations, affect grooming quantitatively and qualitatively, the assessment of grooming is important to understand the status of experimental animals. However, current grooming detection methods are time-consuming, laborious, and require specialized equipment.

15-hydroxy eicosadienoic acid is an exacerbating factor for nasal congestion in mice.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common allergic inflammatory diseases worldwide. In AR, increased blood flow and vascular permeability in nasal mucosa cause rhinorrhea and nasal congestion. We investigated the role of an 11Z,14Z-eicosadienoic acid-derived metabolite, 15-hydroxy-11Z,13Z-eicosadienoic acid (15-HEDE), in functional changes in vasculature and nasal congestion in AR.

[Orthodontic tooth movement and expression of calcium regulating hormone].

Nociception by orthodontic tooth movement stimulate Trigeminal nerve free endings in periodontal ligament (PDL) , and neuropeptides such as substance P and CGRP are synthesized in Trigeminal ganglion sensory cells and released both centrally and peripherally around blood vessels in PDL and pulp. Neuropeptides such as CGRP and substance P are the signal transmitter of pain and might modulate vascular enlargement, blood flow or vascular permeability. CGRP receptor for its subunit, receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP 1) distributed on osteoclasts and osteoblasts in PDL.

Imaging of gaps in digital joints by measurement of ultrasound transmission using a linear array.

In orthodontic dentistry for young subjects, it is important to assess the degree of growth of the jaw bones to determine the optimum time for treatment. The structure of the digital joint changes with age, with such changes correlating to the degree of bone growth (including jaw bones). There are two gaps in the digital joint of a young subject, one of which disappears with aging.

[Orthodontic treatment and mechanical stress].

In orthodontic treatment, the role of periodontal ligament is essential for the teeth to move within the alveolar process against the mechanical stress. Mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate to chondrocytes, adipocytes, and nerve cells is known to exist in the PDL. In both process of physiological and orthodontic tooth movement, bone resorption mainly occurs at the anterior region toward the direction of tooth movement, and bone apposition/formation at the posterior region to the direction of the tooth movement, and bone turnover occurs locally and site specifically, which results in constant reconstruction of the alveolar process in 3 dimension.