Replication of Epstein-Barr virus primary infection in human tonsil tissue explants.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may cause a variety of virus-associated diseases, but no antiviral agents have yet been developed against this virus. Animal models are thus indispensable for the pathological analysis of EBV-related infections and the elucidation of therapeutic methods. To establish a model system for the study of EBV infection, we tested the ability of B95-8 virus and recombinant EBV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to replicate in human lymphoid tissue.

3D-FLAIR MRI in facial nerve paralysis with and without audio-vestibular disorder.

Conclusion: Among patients with facial nerve paralysis, significant difference was observed on three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (3D-FLAIR MRI) between those with and without audio-vestibular disturbance. This MRI technique may contribute to elucidation of the pathology of Ramsay Hunt syndrome and Bell's palsy.

Objective: To evaluate the 3D-FLAIR MRI findings in patients who have facial nerve paralysis with and without audio-vestibular disturbance.

Intratympanic membrane congenital cholesteatoma.

We present two, different-sized, intratympanic membrane congenital cholesteatomas. Congenital cholesteatoma within the tympanic membrane is extremely rare. One of our cases was a small pearl centered on the umbo and the other involved the whole of the tympanic membrane.

Imaging analysis in cases with inflammation-induced sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusion: 3D-FLAIR imaging is sensitive to inflammatory inner ear disturbances and may be a useful method in investigating the severity of inner ear disturbance in cases of inflammation-induced SNHL.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence in investigating different etiology of inner ear disturbances in cases with inflammation-induced acute sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Patients And Methods: Five cases with inflammation-induced acute SNHL by different conditions are included in this study: acute meningitis, acute otitis media, and Wegener granulomatosis.

Detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in preserved umbilical cords from patients with sensorineural hearing loss.

We performed a retrospective diagnostic study of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). CMV DNA in preserved umbilical cords was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Of 45 analyzable patients with SNHL, CMV DNA was detected in the preserved umbilical cords of 3 patients, all of whom had bilateral SNHL that lacked a clear onset period.

Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging investigation of inner ear disturbances in cases of middle ear cholesteatoma with labyrinthine fistula.

Objective: To investigate the cause of inner ear disturbances in cases of middle ear cholesteatoma with labyrinthine fistula.

Setting: University hospital.

Study Design: Prospective case study.

Effect of an enlarged endolymphatic duct on bone conduction threshold.

An enlarged endolymphatic duct and sac (EDS) that makes contact with the cerebrospinal fluid–dural interface plays an important role in the pathway of bone conduction and enhances bone conduction at lower frequencies. Objectives. We investigated whether the bone conduction threshold was improved when the EDS was enlarged.

Intratumoral injection of herpes simplex virus HF10 in recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

We have developed a novel replication-competent, oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV), named HF10, and have evaluated its anticancer efficacy in a variety of animal models. We report a pilot study of intratumoral injection of HF10 into subcutaneous nodules in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HF10 efficiently infected human HNSCC cells and caused extensive tumor cell death without any significant adverse effects, suggesting that HF10 represents a promising therapy for HNSCC in humans.

Distribution of pendrin in the organ of Corti of mice observed by electron immunomicroscopy.

The distribution of pendrin, which is encoded by the Pendred syndrome gene, has been investigated immunohistochemically in the inner ear. In the cochlea, pendrin has been found in the spiral prominence, external sulcus cells, Hensen's cells and Claudius cells, but its expression in the organ of Corti remains unclear. We examined whether pendrin localizes in the organ of Corti by postembedding immunogold analysis.

Axonal injury in experimental herpes simplex encephalitis.

Using beta-amyloid precursor protein immunolabeling, we have detected axonal injury in experimental herpes simplex encephalitis. beta-amyloid precursor protein-specific signals were found in the mouse brain as either puncta or axon-like structures. They appeared where infected neurons were undergoing apoptosis and Iba1-immunopositive microglia transformed themselves into macrophages.