Development and validation of a short form for the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices using a machine learning approach.

Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) is a widely used assessment tool for measuring general cognitive ability in developmental and educational research, particularly in studies involving young children. However, administering the full set of the 36-item CPM can be burdensome for young participants, hindering its practicality in large-scale studies and reducing research efficiency. In the current study, a short form of the CPM was developed based on a sample of preschoolers (n = 336, mean age = 5.

The Optimal Duration of pH Monitoring: Testing the Validity of Lyon 2.0 Recommendations for Wireless pH Measurement.

Background & Aims: The Lyon 2.0 consensus recommends 96-hour wireless pH studies for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) diagnosis; however, the optimal length of pH measurement has not been established. Further, it is uncertain if, and under what circumstances, shorter recording times are sufficient for a conclusive diagnosis.

The Multichannel Intraoesophageal Impedance Transit Concept.

Introduction/aims The multichannel intraoesophageal impedance transit (MIIT) is a new clinical concept that is being introduced to measure the oesophageal transit during a 24-hour multichannel impedance-pH (MII-pH) study. Methods MIIT was tested in a case-control study between January 2020 and December 2023. A laboratory test was first conducted to determine the saline baseline impedance (SBI) using MII-pH catheters.

Infants' Social Evaluation of Helpers and Hinderers: A Large-Scale, Multi-Lab, Coordinated Replication Study.

Evaluating whether someone's behavior is praiseworthy or blameworthy is a fundamental human trait. A seminal study by Hamlin and colleagues in 2007 suggested that the ability to form social evaluations based on third-party interactions emerges within the first year of life: infants preferred a character who helped, over hindered, another who tried but failed to climb a hill. This sparked a new line of inquiry into the origins of social evaluations; however, replication attempts have yielded mixed results.

Artificial Intelligence Tools for the Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults Reporting Dysphagia: Development, External Validation, and Software Creation for Point-of-Care Use.

Background: Despite increased awareness of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), the diagnostic delay has remained stable over the past 3 decades. There is a need to improve the diagnostic performance and optimize resources allocation in the setting of EoE.

Objective: We developed and validated 2 point-of-care machine learning (ML) tools to predict a diagnosis of EoE before histology results during office visits.

Extended Wireless pH Monitoring Significantly Increases Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Diagnoses in Patients With a Normal pH Impedance Study.

Background/aims: Extended wireless pH monitoring (WPM) is used to investigate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as subsequent or alternative investigation to 24-hour catheter-based studies. However, false negative catheter studies may occur in patients with intermittent reflux or due to catheter-induced discomfort or altered behavior. We aim to investigate the diagnostic yield of WPM after a negative 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance pH (MII-pH) monitoring study and to determine predictors of GERD on WPM given a negative MII-pH.

The sums are larger than their natural number addends: Relation to operands understanding predicts growth in arithmetic/algebraic problem solving.

The relation to operands (RO) principles describe the relation between operands and answers in arithmetic problems (e.g., the sum is always larger than its positive addends).

Six-Food Elimination Diet Is Less Effective During Pollen Season in Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis Sensitized to Pollens.

Introduction: The role of inhaled and swallowed aeroallergens in treatment outcomes of adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is unclear. We hypothesized that the pollen season contributes to the failure of the 6-food elimination diet (SFED) in EoE.

Methods: We compared outcomes of patients with EoE who underwent SFED during vs outside of the pollen season.

Achieving Improving Quality in Liver Services (IQILS) accreditation - lessons learned from one unit's experience.

In 2017 the Royal College of Physicians launched a voluntary accreditation process supported by British Association for the Study of the Liver (BASL) and the British Society of Gastroenterologists (BSG) to improve the quality and consistency of liver services across the UK and Ireland. This article describes the approach that we took and the challenges that we met on the way to achieving accreditation.

Cognitive predictors of children's arithmetic principle understanding.

The understanding of arithmetic principles (APs) is an important component of our conceptual mathematical knowledge, but we have limited knowledge about how children acquire APs. The current study examined this issue through a longitudinal study with 273 Chinese fourth graders. These children were assessed on various cognitive capacities (e.

Transnasal endoscopy: moving from endoscopy to the clinical outpatient-blue sky thinking in oesophageal testing.

Background: COVID-19 has severely affected UK endoscopy services with an estimate 86% loss of activity during the first wave. Subsequent delays in diagnostic and surveillance procedures highlight the need for novel solutions to tackle the resultant backlog. Transnasal endoscopy (TNE) provides an attractive option compared with conventional upper gastrointestinal endoscopy given its limited use of space, no sedation and reduced nursing resources.

VirA+EmiC project: Evaluating real-world effectiveness and sustainability of integrated routine opportunistic hepatitis B and C testing in a large urban emergency department.

Innovative testing approaches and care pathways are required to meet global hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination goals. Routine blood-borne virus (BBV) testing in emergency departments (EDs) in high-prevalence areas is suggested by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) but there is limited evidence for this. Universal HIV testing in our ED according to UK guidance has been operational since 2015.

An Evaluation for the Causes of Reduced Hb A and the Molecular Characterization of Variants in Hong Kong.

Prenatal screening of β-thalassemia (β-thal) carriers is based on the hallmark phenotype of microcytosis and raised Hb A. The unanticipated birth of β-thal major (β-TM) offspring to β-thal carriers who were misdiagnosed during prenatal screening have been reported. A subset of these resulted from the masked phenotype due to the coinheritance of variants.

Characterisation of patients with supine nighttime reflux: observations made with prolonged wireless oesophageal pH monitoring.

Background: Although nighttime reflux symptoms are common, the presence of nocturnal reflux is seldom confirmed with a standard 24 hours pH study.

Aim: To study patients with supine nighttime reflux symptoms using prolonged wireless pH monitoring.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with typical acid reflux symptoms were studied using 96-h pH monitoring.

Multifaceted assessment of children's inversion understanding.

The current study was aimed at examining various theoretical issues concerning children's inversion understanding (i.e., its factor structure, development, and relation with mathematics achievement) using a multifaceted assessment.

Validation of the Lyon classification for GORD diagnosis: acid exposure time assessed by prolonged wireless pH monitoring in healthy controls and patients with erosive oesophagitis.

Objective: Acid exposure time (AET) from ambulatory pH studies and reflux oesophagitis are independent measurements used by the Lyon classification to diagnose GORD. This study aimed to validate AET reference ranges and diagnostic thresholds by analysis of 96-hour wireless pH studies from healthy, asymptomatic controls (HCs) and patients with and without oesophagitis.

Design: HC and consecutive patients referred for wireless pH studies (off acid suppressants for >7 days) underwent 96-hour pH studies at two tertiary referral centres.

An Economic Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Opt-Out Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Testing in an Emergency Department Setting in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: The prevalence of hepatitis is high in emergency department (ED) attendees in the United Kingdom, with a prevalence of up to 2% for hepatitis B (HBV) HBsAg, and 2.9% for hepatitis C (HCV) RNA. The aim of this paper is to perform an economic evaluation of opt-out ED-based HCV and HBV testing.

Habits and Attitudes of Video Gaming and Information Technology Use in People with Schizophrenia: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Information technology and video gaming have potential advantages in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, information regarding the habits and attitudes related to internet use and video gaming in people with schizophrenia is limited.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the habits and attitudes regarding video gaming and information technology usage and their associated factors in people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong.

The association between visual attention and arithmetic competence: The mediating role of enumeration.

The current study aimed at clarifying the nature of relation between visual attention and arithmetic competence. A group of 301 Chinese second graders was assessed. Children's visual attention was measured using two versions of a visual search task, with efficient visual search (the similarity between the target and the distractors is low) tapping automatic, stimulus-driven visual attention and inefficient visual search (the similarity between the target and the distractors is high) tapping effortful, goal-directed visual attention.

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.

The bulk of the human genome (~98%) is comprised of non-coding sequences. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are non-coding DNA sequences that contain binding sites for transcriptional regulators to modulate gene expression. Alterations of CREs have been implicated in various diseases including cancer.