Low-Titer Type O Whole Blood for Transfusing Perinatal Patients after Acute Hemorrhage: A Case Series.

 Acute and massive blood loss is fortunately a rare occurrence in perinatal/neonatal practice. When it occurs, typical transfusion paradigms utilize sequential administration of blood components. However, an alternative approach, transfusing type O whole blood with low anti-A and anti-B titers, (LTOWB) has recently been approved and utilized in trauma surgery.

Associations between blood donor sex and age, and outcomes of transfused newborn infants.

Background: It is controversial whether the sex or age of red blood cell (RBC) donors affects mortality or morbidities of transfused newborn infants. We assessed these issues using a multi-year, multi-hospital database linking specific outcomes of neonatal transfusion recipients with RBC donor sex and age.

Study Design And Methods: We performed retrospective analyses of all neonates receiving ≥ one RBC transfusion during a 12-year period in all Intermountain Healthcare hospitals, matching mortality and specific morbidities of each transfusion recipient with the sex and age of each donor.

High frequency of upper aerodigestive tract manifestations in mucous membrane pemphigoid.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of upper aerodigestive tract involvement in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid associated with desquamative gingivitis.

Subjects And Methods: Data from 25 patients were collected by retrospective chart review. Their upper aerodigestive had been evaluated using a conventional flexible fiberscope.

Evaluating emergency-release blood transfusion of newborn infants at the Intermountain Healthcare hospitals.

Background: An emergency-release blood transfusion (ERBT) protocol (uncrossmatched type O-negative red blood cells, AB plasma, AB platelets) is critical for neonatology practice. However, few reports of emergency transfusions are available. We conducted an ERBT quality improvement project as a basis for progress.

Acantholysis may precede elevation of circulating anti-desmoglein 3 antibody levels in pemphigus vulgaris presenting with desquamative gingivitis.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune, blistering disease that affects the mucosa and skin. The current theory favors the concept that anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 3 autoimmunity is the only pathogenic event needed to induce acantholysis. However, a few cases of active PV in the oral cavity had no detectable anti-Dsg 3 antibody.

Handheld tunable focus confocal microscope utilizing a double-clad fiber coupler for in vivo imaging of oral epithelium.

A reflectance confocal endomicroscope with double-clad fiber coupler and electrically tunable focus lens is applied to imaging of the oral mucosa. The instrument is designed to be lightweight and robust for clinical use. The tunable lens allows axial scanning through > 250 ?? ? m in the epithelium when the probe tip is placed in contact with tissue.

Updates Regarding Diagnostic Adjuncts for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The 5-year survival rate for oral cancer (66%) is still one of the lowest among major human cancers, and delayed diagnosis until an advanced stage is thought to be the main factor contributing to this low survival rate. The detection and diagnosis of oral cancer is currently based on clinical visual examination and histopathological evaluation of a biopsy specimen. In response to the need for early detection of oral cancer, several diagnostic adjuncts have been developed and sold commercially over the years, including vital tissue staining, brush cytology, light-based visualization adjuncts, and the most recently developed test for salivary biomarkers for oral cancer.

The diagnostic challenges of separating chronic ulcerative stomatitis from oral lichen planus.

Objective: To attempt to establish criteria to differentiate between chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS) and oral lichen planus (OLP) with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining alone.

Study Design: Ten confirmed cases of CUS were reviewed from the Stomatology Clinic at the Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry.

Results: The original diagnosis on H&E evaluation was OLP, chronic mucositis, or mucositis with lichenoid features, but subsequent direct immunofluorescence (DIF) revealed a positive speckled intranuclear deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the basal and parabasal layers of the epithelium, confirming a diagnosis of CUS.

A randomized controlled trial evaluating antioxidant-essential oil gel as a treatment for gingivitis in orthodontic patients.

Objective: To evaluate the treatment effect of an antioxidant-essential oil gel on orthodontic patients with generalized gingivitis. The gel contains the essential oils menthol and thymol and the antioxidants ferulic acid and phloretin.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients from the university's orthodontic clinic were screened for gingivitis and randomly allocated into treatment and placebo-control groups.

A stab-and-roll biopsy technique to maintain gingival epithelium for desquamative gingivitis.

Background: Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a clinical manifestation common to several diseases. It is known that most cases of DG are caused by mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), oral lichen planus (OLP), or pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Early recognition and treatment of these diseases can improve the prognosis, but diagnostic delays are common in patients with DG because obtaining a diagnostic biopsy is technically challenging.

A review of research on salivary biomarkers for oral cancer detection.

Using saliva for disease diagnostics and health surveillance is a promising approach as collecting saliva is relatively easy and non-invasive. Over the past two decades, using salivary biomarkers specifically for early cancer detection has attracted much research interest, especially for cancers occurring in the oral cavity and oropharynx, for which the five-year survival rate (62%) is still one of the lowest among all major human cancers. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the standard method for detection is through a comprehensive clinical examination by oral healthcare professionals.

Salivary interleukin-6 and -8 in patients with oral cancer and patients with chronic oral inflammatory diseases.

Background: Previous research has indicated that salivary interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 are potential biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, their levels have been found to be significantly elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) or oral lichen planus (OLP). The data also showed wide variations in levels among the different studies, and no standardization procedure was ever performed.

Levels of potential oral cancer salivary mRNA biomarkers in oral cancer patients in remission and oral lichen planus patients.

Objectives: To gather preliminary data concerning the feasibility of using seven salivary mRNAs-IL-8; IL-1β; dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1); H3 histone family 3A (H3F3A); ornithin decarboxylase antizyme 1 (OAZ1); S100 calcium-binding protein P (S100P); and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1)-for detecting development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and OSCC patients whose disease was in remission.

Materials And Methods: Saliva samples were collected from five study groups (25 subjects/group): newly diagnosed OSCC, OSCC-in-remission, disease-active OLP, disease-inactive OLP, and normal controls. The salivary mRNA levels were determined by a pre-amplification RT-qPCR approach with nested gene-specific primers.

Salivary basic fibroblast growth factor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma or oral lichen planus.

Objective: The objective of this study was to gather preliminary data concerning the feasibility of using salivary basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for detecting development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), and in patients with OSCC whose disease was in remission.

Study Design: Saliva samples were collected from 5 patient groups: patients with newly diagnosed OSCC, patients with OSCC whose disease was in remission, patients with OLP in disease-active state, patients with OLP in disease-inactive state, and healthy controls. Salivary bFGF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.

A comparative study of root defect coverage using an acellular dermal matrix with and without a recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor.

Background: The objective of this case series is to compare root defect coverage results and healing responses of bilateral recession defects treated with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) with and without recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF).

Methods: Seventeen patients with 40 bilateral gingival recession defects were compared. Each defect was ≥2 mm and treated with ADM and a coronally advanced flap.

Salivary endothelin-1 potential for detecting oral cancer in patients with oral lichen planus or oral cancer in remission.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor involved not only in vascular biology but also in carcinogenesis. Results of a study in 2007 suggested salivary ET-1 as a potential biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but a later study showed conflicting results. The purpose of our pilot study was to investigate feasibility of using salivary ET-1 as a biomarker for OSCC in two groups: oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and patients with OSCC in remission.

Oral mucosal findings related to tobacco use and alcohol consumption: a study on Swiss army recruits involving self-reported and clinical data.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess the oral mucosal health status of young male adults (aged 18 to 24 years) in Switzerland and to correlate their clinical findings with self-reported risk factors such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption.

Materials And Methods: Data on the oral health status of 615 Swiss Army recruits were collected using a standardised self-reported questionnaire, followed by an intraoral examination. Positive clinical findings were classified as (1) common conditions and anatomical variants, (2) reactive lesions, (3) benign tumour lesions and (4) premalignant lesions.

Surgical considerations and management of patients with mucocutaneous disorders.

Surgeons may be confronted with providing periodontal plastic or implant therapy for patients with gingival manifestations of systemic conditions. These conditions (often referred to as mucocutaneous disorders) commonly present with features of desquamative gingivitis, which was once believed to represent a disease entity. However, today, the term desquamative gingivitis is used to describe clinical features of various local or systemic diseases or disorders that result in chronic gingival lesions characterized by epithelial desquamation, erythema, ulceration, and/or vesiculobullous lesions of the gingiva.

A comparison of the periodontal status in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid: a 5-year follow-up.

Background: Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a heterogeneous group of blistering autoimmune disorders of unknown etiology. Intraoral manifestations of MMP feature the formation of vesiculobullous lesions that eventually rupture, leading to pseudomembrane-covered, irregularly-shaped ulcerations. The presence of these often painful oral lesions may hinder oral hygiene efforts resulting in increased plaque accumulation and may increase the risk of developing periodontal disease.

Successful treatment using occlusive steroid therapy in patients with erosive lichen planus: a report on 2 cases.

Gingival involvement in erosive lichen planus (ELP) is classified as nonplaque-induced gingival lesions. Occlusive steroid therapy (OST) using a plastic stent is administered to enhance the effect of corticosteroids by maximizing the contact between the corticosteroids applied on the gingiva and the gingival lesions. Clinical efficacy may be enhanced with OST even when low-potency topical corticosteroids are used.

Use of oral exfoliative cytology to diagnose desquamative gingivitis: a pilot study.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of exfoliative cytology as a diagnostic tool for patients with clinical symptoms of desquamative gingivitis.

Method And Materials: Fifteen patients clinically diagnosed with desquamative gingivitis were evaluated. At their first visit, a cytologic smear was performed on the gingival lesion.

Disease progression from mucosal to mucocutaneous involvement in a patient with desquamative gingivitis associated with pemphigus vulgaris.

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) frequently begins with oral lesions and progresses to skin lesions. A patient is described who developed skin lesions during follow-up and whose only initial symptom was desquamative gingivitis (DG).

Methods: A 31-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of painful gingiva.

Exophytic mass of the gingiva as the first manifestation of metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Background: Metastasis of a malignant tumor to the oral cavity is rare, but it can be the first manifestation of a primary tumor.

Methods: The clinicopathologic features of a gingival metastasis originating from lung adenocarcinoma in a female patient are described. A 57-year-old woman showed a rapidly growing, painless, exophytic mass in the left mandibular gingiva.