The intraoperative administration of ketamine to burned U.S. service members does not increase the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Aim: Patients with severe burns typically undergo multiple surgeries, and ketamine is often used as part of the multimodal anesthetic regimen during such surgeries. The anesthetic ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that also provides analgesia at subanesthetic doses, but the psychoactive side effects of ketamine have caused concern about its potential psychological effects on a combat-wounded population. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 30% of burned U.

A rat model of full thickness thermal injury characterized by thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, pronociceptive peptide release and tramadol analgesia.

Opioid-related side effects are problematic for burn patients. Dual mechanism therapeutics targeting opioid and non-opioid mechanisms may have reduced side effects with similar analgesic efficacy. Tramadol combines mu opioid receptor agonism with norepinephrine reuptake inhibition and has been effective in treating some types of pain.

The relationship between gabapentin and pregabalin and posttraumatic stress disorder in burned servicemembers.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 30% of burned Servicemembers returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom. Gabapentin and pregabalin are anticonvulsant drugs that limited evidence suggests may also be effective treatments for some psychological disorders. This study examines the relationship between these anticonvulsants and PTSD development in burned Servicemembers.

Relationships between early acute pain scores, autonomic nervous system function, and injury severity in wounded soldiers.

Background: Acute pain after injury affects the comfort and function of the wounded soldier and the physiology of multiple body systems. In the civilian population, pain alters the function of the autonomic nervous system, causing increased heart rate and blood pressure. However, there are no data regarding the impact of combat-related pain on physiologic responses.

The relationship of early pain scores and posttraumatic stress disorder in burned soldiers.

Early acute pain after injury has been linked to long-term patient outcomes, including the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Several studies have identified a negative correlation between early anesthetic/analgesic usage and subsequent development of PTSD. This retrospective study examined the relationship between early acute pain and severity of PTSD symptoms in soldiers with burn injuries.

Testing the efficacy and toxicity of adenylyl cyclase inhibitors against enteric pathogens using in vitro and in vivo models of infection.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) produces the ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin known as heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). In addition to the toxic effect of LT resulting in increases of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and disturbance of cellular metabolic processes, this toxin promotes bacterial adherence to intestinal epithelial cells (A. M.

Genes related to long polar fimbriae of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains as reliable markers to identify virulent isolates.

Lpf (stands for long polar fimbriae) is one of the few adhesive factors of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with colonization of the intestine. E. coli O157:H7 strains possess two lpf loci encoding highly regulated fimbrial structures.

CadA negatively regulates Escherichia coli O157:H7 adherence and intestinal colonization.

Adherence of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains to intestinal epithelia is essential for infection. For enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7, we have previously demonstrated that multiple factors govern this pathogen's adherence to HeLa cells (A.

Contribution of the Ler- and H-NS-regulated long polar fimbriae of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during binding to tissue-cultured cells.

The expression of the long polar fimbriae (LPF) of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is controlled by a tightly regulated process, and, therefore, the role of these fimbriae during binding to epithelial cells has been difficult to establish. We recently found that histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein (H-NS) binds to the regulatory sequence of the E. coli O157:H7 lpf1 operon and "silences" its transcription, while Ler inhibits the action of the H-NS protein and allows lpf1 to be expressed.