Lower first permanent molars: developing better predictors of spontaneous space closure.

Background: First, first permanent molars (FPMs) of poor prognosis are often planned for extraction at an 'ideal time' so that second permanent molars (SPMs) erupt favourably to replace them. However for lower FPM extractions, timing is not an accurate predictor of success.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify additional radiographic factors that could better predict the degree of spontaneous space closure of the lower SPM following FPM extraction.

An in vivo and in vitro investigation of the use of ICDAS, DIAGNOdent pen and CarieScan PRO for the detection and assessment of occlusal caries in primary molar teeth.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo and in vitro validity of International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), DIAGNOdent pen and CarieScan PRO in the detection and assessment of occlusal caries in primary teeth.

Methods: Sixty-four molars were assessed using all three systems under standardised in vivo conditions. They were then extracted and assessed by two examiners in vitro along with an additional 38 teeth (102 teeth in total from 45 children).