Dropping the baton: Cognitive biases in emergency physicians.

Introduction: Clinical medicine is becoming more complex and increasingly requires a team-based approach to deliver healthcare needs. This dispersion of cognitive reasoning across individuals, teams and systems (termed "distributed cognition") means that our understanding of cognitive biases and errors must expand beyond traditional "in-the-head" individual mental models and focus on a broader "out-in-the-world" context instead. To our knowledge, no qualitative studies thus far have examined cognitive biases in clinical settings from a team-based sociocultural perspective.

Sex hormone-binding globulin is a valuable diagnostic indicator of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To assess the performance of the Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) assay as a diagnostic indicator of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in the study population.

Design: Analytical cross-sectional study.

Setting: Hospital-based, Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH), Makurdi, Nigeria.

Increased [F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in the Left Pallidum in Military Veterans with Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Potential as an Imaging Biomarker and Mediation with Executive Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment.

Blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (blast-mTBI) can result in a spectrum of persistent symptoms leading to substantial functional impairment and reduced quality of life. Clinical evaluation and discernment from other conditions common to military service can be challenging and subject to patient recall bias and the limitations of available assessment measures. The need for objective biomarkers to facilitate accurate diagnosis, not just for symptom management and rehabilitation but for prognostication and disability compensation purposes is clear.

A Brain Computer Interface Neuromodulatory Device for Stroke Rehabilitation: Iterative User-Centered Design Approach.

Background: Rehabilitation technologies for people with stroke are rapidly evolving. These technologies have the potential to support higher volumes of rehabilitation to improve outcomes for people with stroke. Despite growing evidence of their efficacy, there is a lack of uptake and sustained use in stroke rehabilitation and a call for user-centered design approaches during technology design and development.

Health and illness beliefs regarding pain and pain management of New Zealand resident Sāmoan community leaders: A qualitative interpretive study based on Pasifika paradigms.

Issue Addressed: Ethnic disparities in chronic pain exist in Aotearoa New Zealand, including a greater impact of pain, less access to chronic pain services and less benefit from treatment for Pasifika people. This study investigated Sāmoan health perceptions and beliefs in relation to pain and how it is managed.

Methods: An interpretive descriptive study was undertaken involving interviews with nine Sāmoan key informants from Aotearoa New Zealand.

First Measurement of the Nuclear-Recoil Ionization Yield in Silicon at 100 eV.

We measured the nuclear-recoil ionization yield in silicon with a cryogenic phonon-sensitive gram-scale detector. Neutrons from a monoenergetic beam scatter off of the silicon nuclei at angles corresponding to energy depositions from 4 keV down to 100 eV, the lowest energy probed so far. The results show no sign of an ionization production threshold above 100 eV.

Systematic review and rationale of using psychedelics in the treatment of cannabis use disorder.

Introduction: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is prevalent in ~2-5% of adults in the United States and is anticipated to increase as restrictions to cannabis decrease and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in cannabis products increase. No FDA-approved medications for CUD are currently available, despite trials of dozens of re-purposed and novel drugs. Psychedelics have garnered interest as a therapeutic class in other substance use disorders, and self-report surveys suggest they may result in positive outcomes for CUD.

Barriers and facilitators to implementation of healthy food and drink policies in public sector workplaces: a systematic literature review.

Context: Many countries and institutions have adopted policies to promote healthier food and drink availability in various settings, including public sector workplaces.

Objective: The objective of this review was to systematically synthesize evidence on barriers and facilitators to implementation of and compliance with healthy food and drink policies aimed at the general adult population in public sector workplaces.

Data Sources: Nine scientific databases, 9 grey literature sources, and government websites in key English-speaking countries along with reference lists.

Chinese and Indian interpretations of pain: A qualitative evidence synthesis to facilitate chronic pain management.

Objective: People from minority ethnicities often have a greater impact of chronic pain, are underrepresented at pain services, and may not benefit from treatment to the same extent as dominant cultures. The aim of this study was to review Indian and Chinese cultural views of pain and pain management, as a basis for improving management of chronic pain in migrant populations from these ethnicities.

Methods: A systematic review of qualitative studies addressing pain beliefs and experiences involving Indian and Chinese participants was conducted.

Effective Teams in Vocational Rehabilitation: An Exploration of Complexities and Practice in Aotearoa-New Zealand.

Purpose: Vocational rehabilitation (VR) involves complex skills, and often inter-disciplinary teams need to work effectively to meet the needs of stakeholders. Research highlights important influences on effective teamwork, including funding systems, team structure, policies and procedures, and effects of professional hierarchies. This qualitative study aimed to explore these issues in-depth including how factors interact to produce problems and solutions.

A randomized controlled clinical trial of prazosin for alcohol use disorder in active duty soldiers: Predictive effects of elevated cardiovascular parameters.

Background: Excessive noradrenergic signaling contributes to aversive symptoms of alcohol withdrawal that interfere with abstinence or reductions in harmful use.

Methods: To address this aspect of alcohol use disorder, 102 active-duty soldiers participating in command-mandated Army outpatient alcohol treatment were randomized to also receive the brain-penetrant alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin or placebo for 13 weeks. Primary outcomes were scores on the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), standard drink units (SDUs) per day averaged over each week, % days of any drinking per week, and % days of heavy drinking per week.

A posthuman decentring of person-centred care.

In this paper, we examine person-centred care through a Deleuzian posthuman lens with the aim of exploring what becomes possible when the concepts of both person and care are . We do so through a consideration of the sets of relations that produce 'the client' in health care contexts. Our analysis maps particular entangled material-semiotic forces producing 'M/michael', a young man with a diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, within a rehabilitation clinic.

Men and masculinities in qualitative research on vasectomy: perpetuation or progress?

Although vasectomy is a safe and highly effective method of contraception, uptake is variable globally, with scope for increased engagement in high income nations. Very little qualitative research has been published in recent years to explore men's perspectives on vasectomy, which represents a key opportunity to better understand and strengthen men's contribution to reproductive and contraception equality. This paper takes a scoping review approach to identify key findings from the small but important body of qualitative literature.

Contribution of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase to Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Recent research has suggested that chronic alcohol exposure induces changes in the endocannabinoid system within the central nervous system and therefore could be an attractive target for better understanding and treating alcohol use disorder (AUD). Much of this research has centered around the CB receptor and its endogenous partial agonist, the endocannabinoid anandamide, as the CB receptor is densely expressed in brain regions involved in development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. In addition, recent evidence has suggested that chronic alcohol exposure induces changes in the modulation of endocannabinoid concentration and suggests that these changes may contribute to the motivation to abuse alcohol.

Power over pain - An interprofessional approach to chronic pain: Program feedback from a medically underserved community.

Introduction: The management of chronic pain is challenging. Biopsychosocial models recommend interprofessional approaches to treatment, but there is sparse information about participants' experiences of these programs, especially in medically underserved populations coping with the intersectionality of racial bias, low socioeconomic status, and psychosocial stressors. This study explored the perspectives and experiences of black participants with low socioeconomic status and concomitant psychosocial stressors in an outpatient interprofessional pain management program, Power over Pain.

Repetitive Blast Promotes Chronic Aversion to Neutral Cues Encountered in the Peri-Blast Environment.

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been called the "signature injury" of military service members in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and is highly comorbid with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Correct attribution of adverse blast-induced mTBI and/or PTSD remains challenging. Pre-clinical research using animal models can provide important insight into the mechanisms by which blast produces injury and dysfunction-but only to the degree by which such models reflect the human experience.

Chronic elevation of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is associated with a history of blast exposure.

Mounting evidence points to the significance of neurovascular-related dysfunction in veterans with blast-related mTBI, which is also associated with reduced [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. The goal of this study was to determine whether plasma VEGF-A is altered in veterans with blast-related mTBI and address whether VEGF-A levels correlate with FDG uptake in the cerebellum, a brain region that is vulnerable to blast-related injury 72 veterans with blast-related mTBI (mTBI) and 24 deployed control (DC) veterans with no lifetime history of TBI were studied. Plasma VEGF-A was significantly elevated in mTBIs compared to DCs.

Incidence and outcomes of major trauma in New Zealand: findings from a feasibility study of New Zealand's first national trauma registry.

Aims: The aim of the study was to pilot the feasibility of long-term outcomes data collection from adult major trauma survivors in New Zealand. This initial paper aims to characterise the New Zealand major trauma population in terms of long-term disability and functional outcomes after major trauma.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of adults who had survived major trauma was conducted between June 2015 and December 2016 at two major trauma centres in Auckland.

The micro-politics of caring: tinkering with person-centered rehabilitation.

In this paper, we critically investigate the implementation of person-centered care with the purpose of advancing philosophical debates regarding the overarching aims and delivery of rehabilitation. While general agreement exists regarding person centered care's core principles, how practitioners reconcile the implementation of these principles with competing practice demands remains an open question. For the paper, we drew on post-qualitative methods to engage in a process of "diffractive" analysis wherein we analyzed the micro-doings of person-centered care in everyday rehabilitation work.

Working-age adults' perspectives on living with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: a qualitative exploratory study.

Objectives: To (a) explore the experiences of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD), formerly chronic subjective dizziness on the personal, work and social lives of working-age adults; (b) enhance current understandings of the condition and its impact on the lives of working-age adults and (c) highlight points for consideration and importance to clinical practice.

Methods: This qualitative exploratory study drew on interpretive descriptive methodology. Working-age adults (n=8) diagnosed with PPPD were recruited from a single New Zealand community-based specialist clinic.

Blunts versus joints: Cannabis use characteristics and consequences among treatment-seeking adults.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of blunt smoking among cannabis users, very few studies examine the clinical profile of blunt smokers relative to those using more common methods of cannabis use, such as joints.

Methods: The current study uses baseline data from the ACCENT (Achieving Cannabis Cessation-Evaluating N-acetylcysteine Treatment) study, a multi-site randomized pharmacotherapy clinical trial within the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network, to predict the association between blunt and joint use frequency and cannabis use characteristics (e.g.

Person centered care in neurorehabilitation: a secondary analysis.

Person centered care has been described as being in its ascendency, despite some of the complexities of embedding it within healthcare systems. The emphasis of research now seems to be moving toward the promotion of cultures of care that support the efforts of practitioners. Informed by some of the principles of positive deviancy, where some of the solutions for change can be found within existing cultures and practices, this paper aimed to identify examples of person-centered care in existing practice.

Tobacco use during cannabis cessation: Use patterns and impact on abstinence in a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study.

Background: It is common for cannabis users to also use tobacco. While data suggest that tobacco users have more difficulty achieving cannabis cessation, secondary analyses of clinical trial data sets may provide insight into the moderating variables contributing to this relationship, as well as changes in tobacco use during cannabis treatment. Those were the aims of this secondary analysis.

Accounting for Men's Refusal of Heterosex: A Story-Completion Study With Young Adults.

In the present study we bring together theory regarding the construction of heterosexuality and masculinities to understand the shifting and changing terrain of heterosexual sex (heterosex). We use inductive qualitative content analysis of story completion data to discover the different ways that heterosex is constructed by the male and female respondents in scenarios where women initiate sex and men, at first, refuse. The stories represented a spectrum of responses that reify and subvert dominant understandings of heterosex.