Routine Histopathologic Examination of Bone Obtained During Elective Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty May Not Be Necessary.

Background: Many institutions require the routine collection of pathology samples from every primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed. These policies are controversial, and their cost-effectiveness is difficult to define. We sought to judge the cost-effectiveness of one such policy according to World Health Organization recommendations.

Otto Aufranc Award: Intraosseous Vancomycin in Total Hip Arthroplasty - Superior Tissue Concentrations and Improved Efficiency.

Background: Literature shows that intraosseous (IO) infusions are capable of providing increased local concentrations compared to those administered via intravenous (IV) access. Successes while using the technique for antibiotic prophylaxis administration in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prompted consideration for use in total hip arthroplasty (THA) however; no study exists for the use of IO vancomycin in THA.

Methods: This single-blinded randomized control trial was performed from December 2020 to May 2022.

Greater Trochanteric Fixation Using Cable Plate Devices in Complex Primary and Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Successful fixation of the greater trochanter (GT) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a challenging task. A wide range of clinical results are reported in the literature despite advancements in fixation technology. Previous studies may have lacked adequate sample sizes to detect differences.

Evaluation of local tissue peri-implant reaction in total knee arthroplasty failure cases.

Introduction: Implant-related hypersensitivity is emerging as a causative factor as a potential source of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) failure. Mechanistically, this type IV hypersensitivity reaction (T4HR) is mediated by effector T-cells, macrophages, and leukocytes that infiltrate to the site of implant and react to metal exposure and induce inflammatory tissue damage.

Methods: A case-control study was performed where cortical bone was taken at the time of revision surgery for all patients operated on for primary TKA in which metal allergy was suspected and for revision TKA cases done for presumed metal allergy.

Healthy Hip Joints Have Different Macroscopic and Microscopic Capsular Nerve Architecture Compared With Hips With Osteoarthritis, Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome, and Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review to identify macroscopic and microscopic patterns and differences in hip capsule innervation between normal hips and hips with osteoarthritis (OA), femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome, and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods: A systematic review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Multiple databases were searched for both clinical and basic science laboratory studies on hip capsule innervation.

Postoperative alignment in revision total knee arthroplasty, a comparison between intra and extra-medullary tibial alignment.

Background: Revision total knee arthroplasty commonly involves stemmed components. If the diaphysis is engaged, this technique may be problematic for mechanical alignment (MA) in cases of tibial bowing, which are not infrequent (up to 30%). The aim of this study is to compare an intra-medullary(IM) and extra-medullary(EM) alignment method.

DEXA overestimates bone mineral density in adults with knee replacements.

We examined bone mineral density (BMD) measurements made by dual-energy-xray-absorptiometry (DEXA) taken from 100 patients (♂46/♀54, 66±6yr) who previously underwent single total-knee arthroplasty (TKA) to determine if automated software-based artifact detection (ASAD) adequately removes implant artifact from the DXA image before analysis and if potential inaccuracies could be overcome through manual artifact correction (MAC). We also sought to determine if software-based inaccuracies would result in fracture risk misclassification (Low-BMD/Osteopenia = Young-Adult T-Score < -1). Select Results: When using ASAD, limbs with implants had higher BMD (+12.

Short-Stem Prostheses in Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Unexpected Short-Term Complication: A Report of 2 Cases.

Case: We present here 2 cases of postoperative stress fractures in the setting of a short-stem implant. Both patients had well-aligned implants with good bone quality and presented with delayed onset and atraumatic thigh pain. They were diagnosed with periprosthetic fractures around stable implants.

A Retrospective Study Comparing a Patient-specific Design Total Knee Arthroplasty With an Off-the-Shelf Design: Unexpected Catastrophic Failure Seen in the Early Patient-specific Design.

Unlabelled: Patient-specific design (PSD) total knee arthroplasty implants are marketed to restore neutral mechanical-axis alignment (MAA) and provide better anatomic fit compared with standard off-the-shelf (OTS) total knee arthroplasty designs. The purpose was to compare the Knee Society scores, radiographic outcomes, and complications of PSD and OTS implants.

Methods: Retrospective study analyzing PSD and OTS by a single surgeon.

Technical Obstacles in Total Knee Arthroplasty Learning: A Steps Breakdown Evaluation.

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common procedure practiced in both the community and academic setting and one that all orthopaedic surgery residents are expected to become competent in. The aim of this study is to determine the most common technical obstacles encountered during TKA learning.

Methods: This is a prospective, cohort observational study performed from September 2017 to April 2018.

Evaluation of antibiotic-impregnated microspheres for the prevention of implant-associated orthopaedic infections.

Background: Prevention of infection associated with uncemented orthopaedic implants could lead to improved implant stability and better patient outcomes. We hypothesized that coating porous metal implants with antibiotic-containing microspheres would prevent infections in grossly contaminated wounds.

Methods: Bioresorbable polymer microspheres containing tobramycin were manufactured and pressed into porous metal cylinders that were then implanted into radial defects in rabbits.

Fall prevention in the elderly: analysis and comprehensive review of methods used in the hospital and in the home.

Falls in the elderly are a significant problem both in and out of the hospital. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 and the Fiscal Year 2009 Inpatient Prospective Payment System Final Rule, as outlined by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, placed on hospitals the financial burden of fall prevention for falls (ie, hospital-acquired conditions) that could have been prevented by following evidence-based guidelines. Multifaceted and individualized programs have been created to prevent falls in the elderly.

Surgical site infection prevention: the operating room environment.

Surgical site infections can complicate orthopaedic procedures and contribute to morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Extensive literature has been published on this topic; however, the quality of data using standards of evidence-based medicine is variable with a lack of well-controlled studies. A review of the literature concerning measures to prevent surgical site infections in the operating room environment may be helpful in preventing such infections.

Modifiable risk factors for surgical site infection.

Multiple risk factors for orthopaedic surgical site infection have been identified. Some of these factors directly affect the wound-healing process, whereas others can lead to blood-borne sepsis or relative immunosuppression. Modifying a patient's medications; screening for comorbidities, such as HIV or diabetes mellitus; and advising the patient on options to diminish or eliminate adverse behaviors, such as smoking, should lower the risk for surgical site infections.

Prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery.

The use of prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery has been proven effective in reducing surgical site infections after hip and knee arthroplasty, spine procedures, and open reduction and internal fixation of fractures. To maximize the beneficial effect of prophylactic antibiotics, while minimizing any adverse effects, the correct antimicrobial agent must be selected, the drug must be administered just before incision, and the duration of administration should not exceed 24 hours.