Alterations in Gut Microbiota Composition Are Associated with Changes in Emotional Distress in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in regulating emotional and behavioral responses via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This study explores associations between pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), emotional distress (ED), and gut microbiome alterations before and after OSA treatment. Sixty-six children diagnosed with OSA via polysomnography participated, undergoing adenotonsillectomy alongside routine educational sessions.

Alterations of Gut Microbiome Composition and Function Pre- and Post-Adenotonsillectomy in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Importance: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is linked with alterations in the gut microbiome. The influence of adenotonsillectomy (AT), a primary intervention for OSA, on gut microbiota dynamics relative to disease severity remains to be elucidated.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of OSA severity and AT on the gut microbiome in pediatric patients.

Impact of comorbid sleep-disordered breathing on escitalopram treatment in patients newly diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder: A 12-week prospective observational study.

We aimed to evaluate the presence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients and its impacts after 12-week of escitalopram treatment. In this prospective observational study, GAD patients were followed up to determine whether comorbid SDB affects their treatment response. They underwent a home sleep apnea test (HSAT), and oxygen desaturation index ≥5 was considered indicative of SDB.

Associations between Sleep Duration and Autonomic Nervous System Regulation in Patients with Probable Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships between sleep duration and autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation. This cross-sectional pilot study included 27 older patients with probable Alzheimer's disease who were hospitalized at a psychiatric center. We measured heart rate variability to assess ANS regulation at night, evaluated dementia severity via the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, and obtained sleep duration data from sleep diaries maintained by psychiatric nurses.

Sex-specific associations of Notch signaling with chronic HBV infection: a study from Taiwan Biobank.

Background: Hepatitis B, a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), can develop into a chronic infection that puts patients at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the difference of reactome pre-Notch expression and processing between males and females by using gene to function analysis in FUMA.

Methods: We analyzed Taiwan Biobank (TWB) data pertaining to 48,874 women and 23,178 men individuals which were collected from 2008 to 2019.

Expiratory Velopharyngeal Obstruction: Sleep Endoscopy-Guided Treatment Strategies to Prevent Oral Breathing During Sleep.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder, with oral breathing influencing its severity. Expiratory velopharyngeal obstruction (EVO), observed during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), may contribute to oral breathing in OSA patients. EVO results in obstruction between the pharynx and nasal cavity during expiration.

Effects of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on sleep apnea: Insights from a rat model of cardiovascular autonomic dysregulation.

Introduction: The levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in plasma are important risk factors for coronary heart disease. Several reports suggest that elevated plasma cholesterol is associated with cardiac arrhythmias. In a subsequent study investigating LDL cholesterol levels and the frequency of LDL cholesterol measurements, a positive correlation was observed between the severity of sleep apnea and visit-to-visit LDL cholesterol variability.

Role of the autonomic nervous system in young, middle-aged, and older individuals with essential hypertension and sleep-related changes in neurocardiac regulation.

Essential hypertension involves complex cardiovascular regulation. The autonomic nervous system function fluctuates throughout the sleep-wake cycle and changes with advancing age. However, the precise role of the autonomic nervous system in the development of hypertension during aging remains unclear.

Potential Treatments for Epiglottic Collapse in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: How Modified Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy Help?

Objective: In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), epiglottic collapse (EC) constitutes a major factor in the failure of continuous positive airway pressure therapy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. This study explored treatments that can improve EC in patients with OSA through drug-induced sleep endoscopy with target-controlled infusion (TCI-DISE).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Effects of mind-body exercise on body constitution and circadian rhythm in people with suboptimal health status.

Background: Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a dynamic state in which people have not been diagnosed with a disease but tend to develop diseases. People with SHS are more prone to conditions such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Suitable interventions in people with SHS can prevent disease development.

Neural mechanism facilitating PM2.5-related cardiac arrhythmias through cardiovascular autonomic and calcium dysregulation in a rat model.

Particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) exposure is associated with increased arrhythmia events and cardiovascular mortality, but the detailed mechanism remained elusive.

The protective role of Achyranthes aspera extract against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and PANoptosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Achyranthes aspera, a widely recognized medicinal plant, is used in various cultures for treating different ailments, including renal dysfunction; however, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of its protective effects and the underlying signaling networks involved.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the action of A. aspera by employing an integrative approach including functional and tissue imaging as well as comprehensive genomics analysis.

Reduced slow-wave activity and autonomic dysfunction during sleep precede cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice.

Occurrence of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation in brain begins before the clinical onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as preclinical AD. Studies have reported that sleep problems and autonomic dysfunction associate closely with AD. However, whether they, especially the interaction between sleep and autonomic function, play critical roles in preclinical AD are unclear.

Nociception Effect on Frontal Electroencephalogram Waveform and Phase-Amplitude Coupling in Laparoscopic Surgery.

Background: Electroencephalographic pattern changes during anesthesia reflect the nociception-analgesia balance. Alpha dropout, delta arousal, and beta arousal with noxious stimulation have been described during anesthesia; however, data on the reaction of other electroencephalogram signatures toward nociception are scarce. Analyzing the effects of nociception on different electroencephalogram signatures may help us find new nociception markers in anesthesia and understand the neurophysiology of pain in the brain.

Dietary profile of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea patients, effects of routine educational counseling, and predictors for outcomes.

Background: Dietary behavior is a main contributing yet modifiable factor to the body weight status of children and may be involved in the pathophysiology of childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aimed to investigate the dietary profile of pediatric OSA patients, effects of educational counseling after adenotonsillectomy, and predictor for disease resolution.

Methods: This observational study included 50 pediatric OSA patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy with routine educational counseling (Group 1), 50 pediatric OSA patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy without formal educational counseling (Group 2), and 303 healthy children without OSA (Control).

Upper Airway Surgery or Weight Control? Modified Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: To identify the value of head rotation in the supine position and oral appliance (OA) use in drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).

Study Design: Eighty-three sleep apnea adults undergoing target-controlled infusion-DISE (TCI-DISE) were recruited from a tertiary academic medical center.

Setting: During DISE, 4 positions were utilized: supine position (position 1), head rotation (position 2), mandibular advancement using an OA (position 3), and head rotation with an OA (position 4).

Mouth Puffing Phenomenon and Upper Airway Features May Be Used to Predict the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate (1) the role of mouth puffing phenomenon and upper airway features in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and (2) whether mouth-taping during sleep alleviated the severity of OSA.

Participants And Methods: Seventy-one participants underwent a two-night home sleep test (the first day sleeping normally; the second day sleeping with their mouths being taped); their oximetry desaturation index (ODI) and mouth puffing signals (non-mouth puffing, complete mouth puffing, intermittent mouth puffing (IMP), and side mouth puffing) were detected by a validated fingertip pulse oximeter and a mouth puffing detector. The participants were grouped into the ODI-improved group and the ODI-not-improved group according to their sleeping test results.

Adenotonsillectomy-related changes in systemic inflammation among children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common cause of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although adenotonsillectomy considerably reduces OSA and systemic inflammation, whether and how systemic inflammation influences the effects of adenotonsillectomy on OSA has yet to be determined.

Methods: This study investigated the associations between changes in anatomical variables, % changes in subjective OSA-18 questionnaire scores, % changes in 11 polysomnographic parameters, and % changes in 27 systemic inflammatory biomarkers in 74 children with OSA.

Bright Morning Lighting Enhancing Parasympathetic Activity at Night: A Pilot Study on Elderly Female Patients with Dementia without a Pacemaker.

Exposure to bright morning light (BML) entrains the master circadian clock, modulates physiological circadian rhythms, and reduces sleep-wake disturbances. However, its impact on the autonomic nervous system at night remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of BML exposure on parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity at night in elderly women.

Using sleep heart rate variability to investigate the sleep quality in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with impaired sleep quality and autonomic dysfunction. Adenotonsillectomy significantly improves subjective and objective sleep quality in children with OSA. However, the postoperative changes in heart rate variability (HRV) indices (indicators of cardiac autonomic function) and their importance remain inconclusive in childhood OSA.

Distinguishing different types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children using artificial neural network with clinical intelligent test.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well-studied topic in child and adolescent psychiatry. ADHD diagnosis relies on information from an assessment scale used by teachers and parents and psychological assessment by physicians; however, the assessment results can be inconsistent.

Purpose: To construct models that automatically distinguish between children with predominantly inattentive-type ADHD (ADHD-I), with combined-type ADHD (ADHD-C), and without ADHD.

Prevalence and effects of sleep-disordered breathing on middle-aged patients with sedative-free generalized anxiety disorder: A prospective case-control study.

Objective: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) share similar symptoms, such as poor sleep quality, irritability, and poor concentration during daily activities. This study aims to investigate the proportion of undiagnosed SDB and its impacts on anxiety severity and autonomic function in newly diagnosed, sedative-free GAD patients.

Methods: This prospective case-control study included newly diagnosed GAD patients and control participants with matched age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) in Taiwan.

Older rats show slow modulation of hippocampal theta rhythm during voluntary running.

Aging causes brain function degeneration and slows many motor and behavioural responses. The hippocampal theta rhythm (4-12 Hz) is related to cognition and locomotion. However, the findings on aging-related changes in the frequency and amplitude of hippocampal theta oscillations have been inconsistent.