Concomitant small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of gallbladder and breast cancer.

The neuroendocrine carcinoma is defined as a high-grade malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm arising from enterochromaffin cells, usually disposed in the mucosa of gastric and respiratory tracts. The localization in the gallbladder is rare. Knowledge of these gallbladder tumors is limited and based on isolated case reports.

Intestinal melanoma: A broad spectrum of clinical presentation.

Introduction: Small intestine melanomas are rare and the most of them are metastases from primary cutaneous neoplasms.

Presentation Of Case: Below, we report two cases of small intestine metastatic melanoma with very different clinical presentation.

Discussion: Still now, primary versus metastatic origin is often unclear.

Manometric evaluation of internal anal sphincter after fissurectomy and anoplasty for chronic anal fissure: a prospective study.

Chronic anal fissure (CAF) is a common painful clinical disease and its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. After failure of pharmacological therapy, that is the first-line treatment, surgical sphincterotomy remains the treatment of choice although it is followed by a high rate of anal incontinence resulting from the sphincter damage; therefore, the research of a sphincter-saving surgical option has become an important goal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the manometric modifications and the incidence of anal incontinence after fissurectomy and anoplasty with advancement skin flap in patients affected by CAF with hypertonia of the internal anal sphincter (IAS).

Advancement flap in the management of chronic anal fissure: a prospective study.

Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the surgical treatment of choice of chronic anal fissure after failure of conservative measures. Several randomized trials identified an overall risk of incontinence of 10 % mostly for flatus. Fissurectomy is the most commonly used procedure to preserve the integrity of the anal sphincters.