The Role of Diet in Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of diet quality in children with tympanostomy tube placement (TTP) complicated by tympanostomy tube otorrhea (TTO).

Study Design: Three-day 24-hour diet recall.

Setting: Tertiary care medical center.

Azithromycin Prevents Subglottic Stenosis in Mice.

Objective: Pediatric subglottic stenosis (SGS) is characterized by subglottic narrowing which occurs when pathological fibroblasts deposit extracellular matrix that reduces airway patency. Recent clinical observations have suggested that azithromycin may have favorable impacts on SGS reduction while treating airway infections; furthermore, our recent work in mice demonstrated that the airway microbiome influences SGS. In this work, we characterize the protective effect of azithromycin as an immunomodulatory and antibacterial therapeutic against subglottic stenosis.

Anatomic Considerations of esophageal button battery ingestion for outcomes and imaging.

Introduction: Button batteries (BB) are a source of significant morbidity and mortality in young children. Little data is available regarding associations between esophageal impaction location and outcomes or need for surveillance imaging.

Methods: All patients treated at a single institution following BB ingestion between 2018 and 2022 were included for retrospective chart review.

Nanoparticle Concentration in Surgical Plume During Tonsillectomy: A Comparison of Four Techniques.

Objective: Surgical plume has known potential occupational health hazards. This study compares nanoparticle concentrations in surgical plumes generated between different pediatric tonsillectomy surgical techniques and assesses the efficacy of mitigation measures.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed at a tertiary care academic center.

Modulated Fibrosis and Mechanosensing of Fibroblasts by SB525334 in Pediatric Subglottic Stenosis.

Objective: Subglottic stenosis (SGS) may result from prolonged intubation where fibrotic scar tissue narrows the airway. The scar forms by differentiated myofibroblasts secreting excessive extracellular matrix (ECM). TGF-β1 is widely accepted as a regulator of fibrosis; however, it is unclear how biomechanical pathways co-regulate fibrosis.

Association of Diet Patterns and Post-Operative Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea: A Pilot Study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore diet patterns in children with tympanostomy tube placement (TTP) complicated by postoperative tympanostomy tube otorrhea.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey and retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Caregivers of children (0-12 years old), at a tertiary-care pediatric hospital who underwent TTP within 6 months to 2 years prior to enrollment were included.

Tracheostomy in the extremely premature neonate - Long term outcomes in a multi-institutional study.

Objectives: To describe the long-term outcomes related to breathing, feeding, and neurocognitive development in extremely premature infants requiring tracheostomy.

Study Design: Pooled cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Multi-institutional academic children's hospitals.

Expert Consensus Statement: Pediatric Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy.

Objective: To develop an expert consensus statement on pediatric drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) that clarifies controversies and offers opportunities for quality improvement. Pediatric DISE was defined as flexible endoscopy to examine the upper airway of a child with obstructive sleep apnea who is sedated and asleep.

Methods: Development group members with expertise in pediatric DISE followed established guidelines for developing consensus statements.

Timing the First Pediatric Tracheostomy Tube Change: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The first pediatric tracheostomy tube change often occurs within 7 days after placement; however, the optimal timing is not known. The primary objective was to determine the rate of adverse events of an early tube change. Secondary objectives compared rates of significant peristomal wounds, sedation requirements, and expedited intensive care discharges.

Algorithm-Based Pediatric Otolaryngology Management During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: A Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Consensus.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires clinicians to explore alternatives to routine patient management. Otolaryngologists caring for children commonly depend on physical examination, laboratory data, and ambulatory surgical procedures. Limiting patient care, mindful allocation of resources, and concern for safety have challenged all aspects of our health care system.

Management and Outcomes of Button Batteries in the Aerodigestive Tract: A Multi-institutional Study.

Objectives/hypothesis: To describe the clinical presentation, management, and complications associated with button battery impaction in the aerodigestive tract in children.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: This multi-institutional study, endorsed by the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology research consortium, is a retrospective medical record review, including all children at five tertiary-care institutions presenting with button batteries impacted in the aerodigestive tract between January 2002 and December 2014.

Plain Language Summary for Patients: Tonsillectomy in Children.

This plain language summary for patients serves as an overview explaining tonsillectomy in children and to help patients, caregivers, and clinicians in their discussions about the reasons that a tonsillectomy may be needed, management options, and care related to the procedure. This summary applies to patients ages 1 through 18 years and is based on the 2019 "Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)." This evidence-based guideline mainly addresses the need for tonsillectomy based on breathing problems that take place during sleep and repeated sore throats or "tonsillitis.

Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)-Executive Summary.

Objective: This update of a 2011 guideline developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation provides evidence-based recommendations on the pre-, intra-, and postoperative care and management of children 1 to 18 years of age under consideration for tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy is defined as a surgical procedure performed with or without adenoidectomy that completely removes the tonsil, including its capsule, by dissecting the peritonsillar space between the tonsil capsule and the muscular wall. Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in the United States, with 289,000 ambulatory procedures performed annually in children <15 years of age, based on the most recent published data.

Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update).

Objective: This update of a 2011 guideline developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation provides evidence-based recommendations on the pre-, intra-, and postoperative care and management of children 1 to 18 years of age under consideration for tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy is defined as a surgical procedure performed with or without adenoidectomy that completely removes the tonsil, including its capsule, by dissecting the peritonsillar space between the tonsil capsule and the muscular wall. Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in the United States, with 289,000 ambulatory procedures performed annually in children <15 years of age based on the most recent published data.

Association Between Ibuprofen Use and Severity of Surgically Managed Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage.

Importance: Ibuprofen used in postoperative management of pain after tonsillectomy has not been shown to increase the overall risk for posttonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH). The severity of bleeding is difficult to quantify but may be a more important outcome to measure.

Objective: To evaluate the association between ibuprofen use and severity of PTH using transfusion events as a marker of severity.

Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss And Referral To Early Intervention.

Objective: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is identified at a rate of 1-3 per 1,000 newborns in the United States. Timely referral to Early Intervention (EI) services is critical, as early EI referral has been shown to improve outcomes, including speech and language development, social and emotional development, and academic performance. The objective of this study was to determine the rate at which children diagnosed with SNHL at a large tertiary referral center were referred to EI, and, if so, by whom.

Clinical practice guideline: tonsillectomy in children.

Objective: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in the United States, with more than 530,000 procedures performed annually in children younger than 15 years. Tonsillectomy is defined as a surgical procedure performed with or without adenoidectomy that completely removes the tonsil including its capsule by dissecting the peritonsillar space between the tonsil capsule and the muscular wall. Depending on the context in which it is used, it may indicate tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy, especially in relation to sleep-disordered breathing.