Single-unit activity of the anterior Globus pallidus internus in Tourette patients and posterior Globus pallidus internus in dystonic patients.

Objectives: Our goal was to provide a detailed analysis of neurons' electrophysiological activity recorded in sub-territories of Globus pallidus internus (GPi) used as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) targets for these clinical conditions to potentially assist electrode targeting.

Methods: We used intra-operative microelectrode recording during stereotactic neurosurgery to guide implantation of DBS lead.

Results: Units in the medial anterior part of GPi of 7 Tourette's syndrome patients under general anesthesia were firing at mean and median rate of 32.

Deep brain stimulation of the antero-medial globus pallidus interna for Tourette syndrome.

Background: We have previously reported the results of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the antero-medial globus pallidus interna (GPi) for severe Tourette Syndrome (TS) in 11 patients. We extend this case series to 17 patients and a longer follow-up to a maximum of 46 months.

Methods: 17 patients (14 male; mean age 29.

Deep brain stimulation of anteromedial globus pallidus interna for severe Tourette's syndrome.

Objective: Multiple anatomical targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been proposed for the treatment of severe Tourette's syndrome. In this open study, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of DBS of the anteromedial globus pallidus interna on tic severity and common comorbidities.

Method: Eleven patients (eight of them men, mean age=39 years) with severe and medically intractable Tourette's syndrome underwent implantation of Medtronic quadripolar electrodes in the globus pallidus interna bilaterally.