Broad-spectrum antiherpes activities of 4-hydroxyquinoline carboxamides, a novel class of herpesvirus polymerase inhibitors.

Through broad screening of the compound library at Pharmacia, a naphthalene carboxamide was identified as a nonnucleoside inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) polymerase. Structure-activity relationship studies demonstrated that a quinoline ring could be substituted for naphthalene, resulting in the discovery of a 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxamide (4-HQC) class of antiviral agents with unique biological properties. In vitro assays with the 4-HQCs have demonstrated potent inhibition of HCMV, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) polymerases but no inhibition of human alpha, delta, and gamma polymerases.

Alkylation of Ketene Silyl Acetals with Nitroolefins Mediated by Sterically Encumbered Lewis Acids.

The utility of nitroolefins as "(+)C-C-NH(2)" and "(+)C(C=O)R" synthons is limited by their facile polymerization in the presence of nucleophiles. Although a number of procedures have been developed for the successful alkylation of ketones with nitroolefins, currently available procedures for the corresponding reaction of esters suffer from important limitations such as modest yields, lack of demonstrated generality, inconveniently low reaction temperatures, and/or the use of a large excess of one of the two reactants. In the present work, we examined the efficacy of a series of Lewis acid catalysts for the alkylation of ketene silyl acetals with nitroolefins.