[200 free jejunum transplantations: is the great surgical effort worthwhile?].

From 1983 to 1992, 216 free jejunal transplants were performed after resection of malignant tumours for reconstructing the upper oesophageal tract. In two patients reconstruction was performed secondarily and in four cases within the framework of recurrence treatment. In 25 cases the jejunal transplant was sewn in tubular form to the circular insert of the hypopharynx, whereas in the remaining 188 cases the jejunum transplant was sewn as patch.

[Critical retrospective evaluation of the treatment of 400 patients with laryngeal cancer].

This retrospective study deals with the outcome of 401 patients with laryngeal carcinoma who were treated between 1975 and 1986 either by operation alone or by operation and irradiation. The patients as a group, the concepts of treatment, and the course of disease as found retrospectively are described. T and N categories are compared with the respective pT and pN categories: T and pT categories corresponded in 83.

[Effect of inhaled environmental pollutants on the mucous membrane of the upper airways].

Diseases of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract have increased in the last few decades. In epidemiological studies, an increase in the rate of allergies has especially been noticed. The offensive particles from the environment meet human organism in the respiratory mucosa of the nose: the function of the mucosa depends partly on the protective function of the mucus, ciliae and swelling bodies of the mucosa and partly on the abundant number of immunocompetent effector cells in the subepithelial lamina propria.

[Intubation problems of anesthesia in otorhinolaryngology].

Many pathological changes in pharynx and larynx can cause problems in endotracheal intubation. Their preliminary signs and symptoms are often uncharacteristic. Thus prophylaxis is not always possible.

[Modification of the microvascular reanastomosed latissimus dorsi flap for reconstruction after extensive maxillary resection].

Large defects after extended maxillectomy and orbital exenteration were immediately reconstructed using a modification of the revascularized musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap. Three skin islands were transplanted based on the muscular part of the flap. The first island replaced the hard palate, the second the lateral nasal wall and the third was used together with the preserved eyelids to reconstruct an eye socket.

[Free small intestine transplantation in plastic reconstruction of the oral cavity, pharynx and cervical esophagus. Report of experiences following 3 years of use].

Between August 1984 and August 1987 77 free intestinal grafts were transplanted in our Department of otorhinolaryngology using microvascular anastomoses. These reconstructions were necessary after tumour resections in the oral cavity, in the pharynx, and the cervical oesophagus. Patients, operative technique, perioperative treatment, and complications are described.

[Osteosynthesis in cranial and midfacial skull fractures].

From 1982 to 1985 65 patients with a fracture of the cranial and middle portion of the visceral skull underwent surgical reconstruction using mini-plate osteosynthesis (Champy set). In this group we can distinguish four typical fractures where plate osteosynthesis with functional stability has proved successful (e.g.

[Pathogenic immune factors in recurrent mucous tympanic effusion in children].

In children with recurrent secretory otitis media (SOM) a mechanical malfunction of the Tuba Eustachii (by adenoids, myogenous palatotubal insufficiency, persistent cartilaginous collapse of the tube) should be taken into consideration as well as immunological factors of the lymphatic structures of the pharynx which may influence the tubotympanal mucosa. The pharyngeal tonsil and the tubotympanal mucosa are part of the immune system of the mucosa which itself has a regulating immunological function and importance as do the central and peripheral lymphatic organs. The lymphatic ring of Waldeyer regulates the reactivity of the tubotympanal mucosa in a similar way as the plaques of Peyer do control and influence immunologically the mucosa of the guts.

[The cervico-cranial syndrome in the practice of the otorhinolaryngologist].

The craniocervical syndrome is an entity whose symptoms: vertigo, cephalea, tinnitus, facial pain, otalgia, dysphagia, pain of the carotid artery are thought to be caused by cervical factors. In the majority of cases the cranio-cervical syndrome is caused by a spondylarthrogenic segmental dysfunction whose pathophysiology is explained. In the pathogenesis lesions of the joints of the skull which may be responsible for pain and dysfunction in the segmental areas are of great importance.

[Hyperreflectoric rhinopathy].

Research in molecular biology in the past few years offers new views on vasomotor rhinitis. The key role of mediator substances which contain the mast cell and which, after degranulation, are active immediately by histamine release or act in a delayed manner (eg. leucotriene), is discussed, as well as the "liberofunction" of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.