CT-radiomics and pathological tumor response to systemic therapy: A predictive analysis for colorectal liver metastases. Development and internal validation of a clinical-radiomic model.

Introduction: The standard treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is surgery with perioperative chemotherapy. A tumor response to systemic therapy confirmed at pathology examination is the strongest predictor of survival, but it cannot be adequately predicted in the preoperative setting. This bi-institutional retrospective study investigates whether CT-based radiomics of CRLM and peritumoral tissue provides a reliable non-invasive estimation of the pathological tumor response to chemotherapy.

Depicting the cellular complexity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by Imaging Mass Cytometry: focus on cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents the complexity of interaction between cancer and cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune cells affect tumor cell behavior, thus driving cancer progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are responsible of the desmoplastic and fibrotic reaction by regulating deposition and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM).

Treatment of acute pharyngitis in children: an Italian intersociety consensus (SIPPS-SIP-SITIP-FIMP-SIAIP-SIMRI-FIMMG).

Sore throat represents one of the main causes of antibiotic overprescription in children. Its management is still a matter of debate, with countries considering streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis a benign and self-limiting condition and others advocating for its antibiotic treatment to prevent suppurative complications and acute rheumatic fever. Italian paediatricians frequently prescribe antibiotics on a clinical basis regardless of microbiological results.

True Mitotic Count Prediction in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Bayesian Network Model and PROMETheus (Preoperative Mitosis Estimator Tool) Application Development.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) present a complex clinical landscape, where precise preoperative risk assessment plays a pivotal role in guiding therapeutic decisions. Conventional methods for evaluating mitotic count, such as biopsy-based assessments, encounter challenges stemming from tumor heterogeneity and sampling biases, thereby underscoring the urgent need for innovative approaches to enhance prognostic accuracy.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to develop a robust and reliable computational tool, PROMETheus (Preoperative Mitosis Estimator Tool), aimed at refining patient stratification through the precise estimation of mitotic count in GISTs.

World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) guideline update - XI - Milk supplement/replacement formulas for infants and toddlers with CMA - Systematic review.

Background: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most complex and common food allergy in infants. Elimination of cow's milk from the diet and replacement with a specialized formula for infants with cow's milk allergy who cannot be breastfed is an established approach to minimize the risk of severe allergic reactions while avoiding nutritional deficiencies. Given the availability of multiple options, such as extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk-based formula (eHF-CM), aminoacid formula (AAF), hydrolyzed rice formula (HRF), and soy formula (SF), there is some uncertainty regarding which formula might represent the most suitable choice with respect to health outcomes.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immune Microenvironment Analysis: A Comprehensive Assessment with Computational and Classical Pathology.

Purpose: The spatial variability and clinical relevance of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) are still poorly understood for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aim to develop a deep learning (DL)-based image analysis model for the spatial analysis of immune cell biomarkers and microscopically evaluate the distribution of immune infiltration.

Experimental Design: Ninety-two HCC surgical liver resections and 51 matched needle biopsies were histologically classified according to their immunophenotypes: inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert.

Link between persistent, unexplained gamma-glutamyltransferase elevation and porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder.

Background & Aims: Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) is a group of vascular disorders characterized by lesions involving portal venules and sinusoids, irrespective of the presence of portal hypertension. Liver biopsy is essential for diagnosis. In a single-center study, we demonstrated high rates of PSVD in patients with persistently elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT).

Disruptions in antigen processing and presentation machinery on sarcoma.

Background: The antigen processing machinery (APM) plays a critical role in generating tumor-specific antigens that can be recognized and targeted by the immune system. Proper functioning of APM components is essential for presenting these antigens on the surface of tumor cells, enabling immune detection and destruction. In many cancers, defects in APM can lead to immune evasion, contributing to tumor progression and poor clinical outcomes.

CT-based radiogenomics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive disease with increasing incidence and its genetic alterations could be the target of systemic therapies.

Aims: To elucidate if radiomics extracted from computed tomography (CT) may non-invasively predict ICC genetic alterations.

Methods: All consecutive patients with a diagnosis of a mass-forming ICC (01/2016-06/2022) were considered.

Unveiling the prognostic role of blood inflammatory indexes in a retrospective cohort of patients undergoing liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Systemic inflammation is relevant in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), but controversial results exist on the prognostic role of inflammatory indexes and their correlation with tumor microenvironment. The authors aimed to explore the biological and prognostic values of these indexes.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study involving iCCA patients who underwent hepatic resection between 2010 and 2021 was conducted.

The tumor microenvironment of VETC+ hepatocellular carcinoma is enriched of immunosuppressive TAMs spatially close to endothelial cells.

Background And Aim: VETC (vessel that encapsulate tumor cluster) is a peculiar vascular phenotype observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), associated with distant metastases and poor outcome. VETC has been linked to the Tie2/Ang2 axis and is characterized by lymphocytes poor (cold) tumor microenvironment (TME). In this setting the role of Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) has never been explored.

Steatohepatitic hepatocellular Carcinoma:A new approach to classifying morphological subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Histological subtyping of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is challenging in the presence of histological heterogeneity, where distinctly different morphological patterns are present within the same tumor. Current approaches rely on percent cut-offs. We hypothesized that morphologic intratumor heterogeneity is a non-random biological feature and that incorporating recurrent patterns would improve histological subtyping of HCC.

First Report of the Prevalence at Baseline and after 1-Year Follow-Up of Treatable Traits in Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Different factors, not limited to the lung, influence the progression of ILDs. A "treatable trait" strategy was recently proposed for ILD patients as a precision model of care to improve outcomes. However, no data have been published so far on the prevalence of TTs in ILD.

World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) guideline update - XII - Recommendations on milk formula supplements with and without probiotics for infants and toddlers with CMA.

Background: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. The replacement with specialized formulas is an established clinical approach to ensure adequate growth and minimize the risk of severe allergic reactions when breastfeeding is not possible. Still, given the availability of multiple options, such as extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk protein formula (eHF-CM), amino acid formula (AAF), hydrolyzed rice formula (HRF) and soy formulas (SF), there is some uncertainty as to the most suitable choice with respect to health outcomes.

Ribociclib-induced liver injury: a case report.

Background: Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare, unpredictable hepatic adverse event and the most common cause of acute liver failure in Europe and the US. Ribociclib is a potent Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6)-inhibitor administered for advanced hormone-receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. Previous reports have shown hepatotoxicity without liver necrosis related to ribociclib.

Molecular profiling in cholangiocarcinoma: A practical guide to next-generation sequencing.

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCA) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that are classified as intrahepatic, perihilar, or distal according to the anatomic location within the biliary tract. Each CCA subtype is associated with distinct genomic alterations, including single nucleotide variants, copy number variants, and chromosomal rearrangements or gene fusions, each of which can influence disease prognosis and/or treatment outcomes. Molecular profiling using next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful technique for identifying unique gene variants carried by an individual tumor, which can facilitate their accurate diagnosis as well as promote the optimal selection of gene variant-matched targeted treatments.

Arginine reprograms metabolism in liver cancer via RBM39.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. However, mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming and how altered metabolism in turn enhances tumorigenicity are poorly understood. Here, we report that arginine levels are elevated in murine and patient hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), despite reduced expression of arginine synthesis genes.

Corrigendum: TMEM123 a key player in immune surveillance of colorectal cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.

Early Age of Onset Is an Independent Predictor for a Worse Response to Neoadjuvant Therapies in Sporadic Rectal Cancer Patients.

The incidence of rectal cancer (RC) is increasing in the population aged ≤ 49 (early-onset RC-EORC). EORC patients are more likely to present with locally advanced disease at diagnosis than late-onset RC (LORC; aged ≥ 50) patients. As a consequence, more EORC patients undergo neoadjuvant therapies.