Contrast Agents Based on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most perspective methods of noninvasive visualization in medicine, and use of contrast agents significantly its potentialities extends. Iron oxide nanoparticles are promising contrast agents, but in fact all the data on their efficiency were obtained in high-field tomographs for experimental animals. We studied the possibility of using magnetic nanoparticles for MRI visualization of rat brain glioblastoma at the most common clinical field 1.

[Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer].

The article reviews the domestic and international literature on local recurrence of prostate cancer both after surgery and non-invasive treatments. The authors describe modern high-precision techniques used in magnetic resonance imaging that are used today in clinical practice for the most accurate detection of recurrent prostate cancer lesions.

[State of the art of the problem concerning endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms of infrarenal localization].

The problem concerning diagnosis and treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is important today because of a high proportion of this pathology within the structure of population morbidity and mortality, with a tendency of these indices to increase, as well as high lethality rates in development of complications. Endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms is one of the most rapidly developing methods of treatment in vascular surgery. Over the last two decades this type of treatment has been playing an important part in the armamentarium of the vascular surgeon and is often considered as primary treatment of patients with AAA of infrarenal localization.

[The persistent trigeminal artery as evidenced by multislice spiral computed tomographic angiography].

Objective: To determine the incidence of the persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) and to reveal its relationship to cerebral aneurysms, as well as the concomitant anatomic features of cerebral arteries according to the data of multislice spiral computed tomographic angiography (CTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS. A total of 1041 patients underwent brachiocephalic artery CTA according to different clinical indications.

[Atrial fibrillation as consequence and cause of structural changes of atria].

Changes of atrial structure and function are the contributors of atrial fibrillation clinical course, complications and treatment effectiveness. Effects of inflammation and mechanical stretch on atrial structural remodeling leading to atrial fibrillation are reviewed in the article. Contemporary invasive and non-invasive methods of evaluation (including late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging) of patients with atrial structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation are also described.

[Comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging for breast cancer].

Aim: To enhance the efficiency of diagnosis of breast tumors by comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involving dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance mammography (MRM) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Subjects And Methods: Eighty-seven women aged 32 to 75 years with breast neoplasms were examined. MRM was performed on a Philips Achieva 3.

[Informative value of multislice spiral computed tomography in identifying myocardial perfusion defect in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

Aim: To estimate the informative value of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI).

Subjects And Methods: The study enrolled 171 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including 121 patients diagnosed with acute ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI), 19 with non-STEMI, and 31 with unstable angina. A comparison group consisted of 52 patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) and a control group comprised 17 patients without CHD.

[The role of multispiral computed tomography in assessment of viability of the myocardium and prognostication of left ventricular remodeling in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction].

Aim of the study was to assess perfusion defect and viability of the myocardium by the method of multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to assess their prognostic role in development of remodeling of the left ventricle (LV). We included into the study 117 patients with AMI. MSCT with intravenous contrast enhancement was carried out on days 3-4 and at 12 months after AMI.

[Evaluation of myocardial energy metabolism by 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy versus healthy individuals].

Objective: To estimate the left ventricular (LV) energy index from the data of 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) versus healthy individuals.

Subject And Methods: The investigation included 46 persons, including 30 healthy volunteers (Group 1) without cardiovascular diseases and 16 patients with HCM (Group 2). All the persons underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 31P-MRS using a high-field Achieva 3T TX MRI scanner (Philips, Netherlands).

[Radiodiagnostic methods for dental anomalities].

Objective: To determine the capacities of radiologic studies in the examination of patients with dental anomalies.

Subject And Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with dental anomalies were examined. Conventional X-ray and high-technology radiology techniques (multislice spiral computed tomography (MSSCT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)) were used.

[Mammographic screening with the assessment of risk factors and incidence of BRCA-associated breast cancer in the Republic of India].

The leading risk factors of breast cancer (BC) were found to affect the efficiency of mammographic screening. The BC screening covered 26 912 women in 2001-2010. Its risk factors were identified using a questionnaire survey.

[Comparison of characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with acute coronary syndrome and stable ischemic heart disease: data of multispiral computed tomography].

Aim: To elucidate possibilities of multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) for assessment of morphology of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD).

Material And Methods: Assessment of internal relief of coronary arteries and composition of atherosclerotic plaques was carried out in 85 patients with ACS and 41 patients with SIHD. MSCT was performed with the use of computed tomograph.

[Myocardium non-compaction].

The left ventricular non-compaction (spongy cardiomyopathy) is a rare, poorly known pathology. Disease according to WHO classification applies to unclassified cardiomyopathy. Clinical picture is nonspecific.

[31P magnetic-resonance spectroscopy in cardiac diseases].

Magnetic Resonant spectroscopy (MRS) in the nuclei of phosphorus is the only noninvasive method of studying the state of myocardial energy metabolism does not require the introduction of radiopharmaceuticals. This method uses the signals from the nuclei of 31P contained in such mattered phosphates like phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate. MRS can provide an answer to a variety of theoretical and clinical issues in the study of various cardiac diseases.

[The potential of multislice computed tomography for the detection of specific anatomic and topographic features of the facial nerve canal prior to stapedoplasty].

The objective of the present study was to estimate the potential of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) for the detection of specific anatomic and topographic features in the structure of the middle ear and the oval window region prior to stapedoplasty. We analysed the results of MSCT of the temporal bones in 20 patients presenting with otosclerosis (40 observations). All these patients underwent stapedoplasty, and the intraoperative findings were compared with the MSCT data.

[Comparison of multislice spiral computed tomography and stress echocardiography in the evaluation of myocardial viability in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

The purpose of the investigation was to analyze the data of 64-multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT-64) versus those of low-dose dobutamine echocardiography (stress EchoCG) used to diagnose the viable myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The investigation enrolled 49 patients with AIM. Contrast-enhanced MSCT-64 and low-dose dubutamine stress EchoCG were performed in patients in the early periods of AMI.

[Multislice spiral computed tomography in the planning of transcatheter aortic valve replacement].

Surgical treatment for aortic valve (AV) pathology is an urgent and important problem of modern medicine. The prevalence of valve disease is great and remains steadily high in the population. Due to a large number of patients who cannot undergo open AV surgery, alternative hybrid treatments are recently being actively improved.

[Functional multislice spiral computed tomography of the rectus muscle of the eye in scar changes].

The study deals with the capacities of functional multislice spiral computed tomography (FMSCT) in choosing a treatment policy and planning the tactic and scope of surgery for posttraumatic scar changes in the rectus muscle of the eye. Orbital MSCT and FMSCT were conducted in 15 patients (30 orbits). The findings showed that it was necessary to perform orbital FMSCT in posttaumatic scar changes to evaluate the contractility of the rectus muscles and their involvement in the area where a fracture occurs.

[Functional multispiral computed tomography of sound-transmitting structures in the middle ear].

The objective of this work was to estimate the potential of functional multispiral computed tomography (fMSCT) for the choice and planning of the treatment strategy and the extent of surgical intervention in the patients presenting with fibroosseous diseases of the middle ear associated with the pathologically altered mobility of the auditory ossicles. Studies with the use of MSCT and fMSCT for the examination of temporal bones in 21 patients (25 observations) provided information about normal CT anatomy of the middle ear and a basis for the development of the fMSCT protocol; moreover they allowed the range of mobility of the auditory ossicles to be determined in healthy subjects and patients with middle ear disorders. It is concluded that fMSCT of temporal bones may be recommended to patients suffering otosclerosis, tympanosclerosis, and adhesive otitis media.

[Lesions in lungs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and clinical features of affection of lungs and lower respiratory tract (LRT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A total of 104 non-smoking patients with RA and 100 ones without RA or chronic pulmonary diseases were examined. RA was associated with affection of all parts of the respiratory tract including proximal and distal bronchi, lung interstitium, and pleura.

Aneurysm of aortocoronary bypass graft: two clinical case reports.

The article deals with the description of two clinical case reports of a rare complication following operations of aortocoronary bypass grafting, i. e., aneurysms of aortocoronary bypass grafts.

[Comparison of non-invasive electron-beam and multislice CT angiography efficacy for detection of coronary artery stenosis].

Aim: To compare diagnostic value of electron-beam CT (EBT) and multislice CT (MSCT) angiography in detection of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material And Methods: 140 CAD patients who had undergone EBT (n = 97) or 4-slice CT (n = 43) coronary angiography and conventional coronary angiography as a gold standard were included in the study.

Results: Sensitivity and specificity of EBT angiography in coronary stenosis detection (proximal and mid segments) were 86 and 97%, respectively.