Magnesium and silicon recovery from chrysotile asbestos waste of the deposit Zhitikara, Kazakhstan.

Waste generated during asbestos manufacturing contains substantial quantities of iron, nickel, magnesium, and silicon. The existing techniques for processing chrysotile-asbestos waste (CAW) cannot fully recover these elements. Therefore this paper presents a hydrometallurgical method for processing the CAW of the Zhitikara deposit in the Kostanay region of Kazakhstan.

Preferences for an HIV Self-Testing Program Among Women who Engage in sex Work and use Drugs in Kazakhstan, Central Asia.

Purpose: Women engaged in sex work (WESW) who use drugs face barriers to HIV testing. HIV self-testing (HST) may empower sex workers to learn their HIV status; however, it is not scaled up among WESW in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to traditional HIV testing and HST among this population.

Scaling up HIV prevention efforts targeting people who inject drugs in Central Asia: a review of key challenges and ways forward.

Background: In Central Asia, between 33% and 72% of cumulative HIV infections has been attributed to unsafe injection practices among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods: We reviewed the current status and trends of national efforts in Central Asian countries to control HIV among PWID, and also reviewed the key structural and health-systems-related challenges that facilitate drug-use-related HIV risk in Central Asia.

Results: The spectrum and scale of HIV prevention services targeting PWID vary considerably among Central Asian countries.