Effects of a Short-Term Soccer Training Intervention on Skill Course Performance in Youth Players: A Randomized Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 11 additional soccer training sessions among youth soccer players according to their performance in a skill course. A total of 90 participants, aged 9 to 12, were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (IG) (n = 54) or a control group (CG) (n = 36) and have validated data. The trainings focused upon enhancing ball mastery and decision-making and included a combination of one vs.

Strength Training Among Male Master Cyclists-Practices, Challenges, and Rationales.

Cycling performance declines with age due to reduced aerobic capacity, along with reductions in muscle mass and bone density. Strength training can help counter these effects. This study aims to explore the strength training practices, challenges, and decision-making rationale of male master cyclists to optimize performance and health as they age.

Effect of Strength and Endurance Training Sequence on Endurance Performance.

This review investigates the effect of two different concurrent training sequences on endurance performance. The sequences investigated are Endurance-Resistance (ER) and Resistance-Endurance (RE). A literature search is conducted of the SPORTDiscus and Medline databases.

Validity and Reliability of Polar Team Pro and Playermaker for Estimating Running Distance and Speed in Indoor and Outdoor Conditions.

Although global positioning systems and inertial measurement unit systems are often used to quantify physical variables in training, both types of systems need to be compared, considering their frequent use in measuring physical loads. Thus, the purpose of our study was to test the reliability and validity of speed and distance run measurements at different intensities in indoor and outdoor conditions made by Polar Team Pro and Playermaker. Four participants (age = 30.

Relative Age Effect Among the Best Norwegian Track and Field Athletes of All Time: Comparisons of Explosive and Endurance Events.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of relative age effect (RAE) among the best Norwegian track and field athletes of all time, aged 13 years to senior, as well as to investigate the differences between athletes in events that impose different demands on their physical characteristics, categorised in endurance and explosiveness. The degree of RAE was investigated by examining the difference between the sample's ( = 21,711) quarterly birth distribution and the quarterly distribution of birth of the Norwegian population as a whole from 1966 to 2019. To determine whether or not an RAE was present, chi-square tests (χ) were conducted against an even distribution, with Cramer's V (phi or ) as a measure of effect size.

Variations in the relative age effect with age and sex, and over time-Elite-level data from international soccer world cups.

The relative age effect (RAE) is a statistical bias observed across sport contexts and consists of a systematic skewness in birth date distribution within an annual-age cohort. In soccer, January 1st is the common cut-off date when categorizing players in competitions according to their chronological age, which potentially disadvantages those within the cohort who were born later in the year. Thus, relatively older soccer players in their cohort can be favored in talent identification, selection, and development.

Characteristics of Pacing Strategies among Elite Cross-Country Skiers According to Final Rank.

The purpose of this study is to explore differences in pacing strategies between successful and less successful male elite cross-country skiers during a 15 km interval-start race involving different techniques. The final rank, split times and final times were extracted individually for the top 100 finishers in the 15 km individual time trial races from the Norwegian national season opener races over two years. The same course was used in all the competitions.

Interacting Constraints and Relative Age Effect in Elite Cross-Country Skiers and Freeskiers.

Different characteristics of sports disciplines potentially lead to skewness in birth month distribution (relative age effect, RAE). These characteristics can be considered from a constraint-based approach with interacting environmental, task, and individual constraints as a theoretical framework with which to examine variations in RAE. The main aim of the present study was to examine the theoretical predictions of the constraint-based framework by investigating the birth month distribution in cross-country skiers and freeskiers at elite junior and senior levels.

A Novel Approach for Comparison of Reception Performance in a Technique Test and Small-Sided Games.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between soccer players' performance of receptions of passes in tests of both isolated technical skills and more match-realistic situations in small-sided games (SSGs). In addition, this study investigated whether the involvement in SSGs (number of receptions) correlated with the quality of receptions in the respective SSGs. The participants were 13 male outfield youth soccer players from teams in the first division of the regional U18 league.

Player load in male elite soccer: Comparisons of patterns between matches and positions.

Our primary aim was to explore the development of player load throughout match time (i.e., the pattern) using moving 5-min windows in an elite soccer team and our secondary aim was to compare player load patterns between different positions within the same team.

The Validity of Functional Threshold Power and Maximal Oxygen Uptake for Cycling Performance in Moderately Trained Cyclists.

Cycling is a popular sport, and evaluation of the validity of tests to predict performance in competitions is important for athletes and coaches. Similarity between performance in sprints in mass-start bike races and in the laboratory is found, but, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the relationship between laboratory measurements of maximal oxygen uptake (VO) and functional threshold power (FTP) with performance in official mass-start competitions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of a 20 min FTP test and VO as predictors for performance in an official mountain bike competition.

A Population Study of Relative Age Effects on National Tests in Reading Literacy.

We examined relative age effects (RAE) in national test results in reading literacy in Norway in 2013, in Grades 5, 8, and 9 students ( = 173,421) to estimate how month of birth is associated with mean scores and different achievement levels. The results confirm that there is an approximately linear decrease in test scores across months of birth for all grades and both genders. Consequently, students born early in the year are more likely to end up at higher achievement levels than students born later in the year.

Monitoring Training and Match Physical Load in Junior Soccer Players: Starters versus Substitutes.

The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the physical (locomotor activities and physiological (Banister's training impulse) in-season training load between starters and substitutes in a well-trained junior soccer team. Physical performance variables from the Polar Team Pro system were collected and analyzed from a sample of junior soccer players ( = 18; age = 15.7 ± 0.

Differences in Acceleration and High-Intensity Activities Between Small-Sided Games and Peak Periods of Official Matches in Elite Soccer Players.

Dalen, T, Sandmæl, S, Stevens, TGA, Hjelde, GH, Kjøsnes, TN, and Wisløff, U. Differences in acceleration and high-intensity activities between small-sided games and peak periods of official matches in elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 2018-2024, 2021-The purpose of this study was to compare whether the physical performance of players during 4 vs.

Accelerations - a new approach to quantify physical performance decline in male elite soccer?

The aim of the current study was (1) to investigate whether the number of accelerations is a more precise estimate of performance decline in soccer compared to distances with high-speed running (HSR) and (2) to compare changes in the number of accelerations and HSR distances across playing positions in order to examine whether the match profiles of the physical measures are consistent or demonstrate high interposition variability. The dataset includes domestic home games ( = 34) over three full seasons (2012-2014) for a team in the Norwegian Elite League. The change in the number of accelerations throughout the match demonstrates a more clear pattern compared to the distance covered by HSR.

Relative Age Effects and Gender Differences in the National Test of Numeracy: A Population Study of Norwegian Children.

Relative age effect (RAE) refers to the phenomenon by which children born early in their year of birth perform more highly than children born later in the same cohort. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an RAE exists in the Norwegian numeracy test for 5th, 8th, and 9th graders (National sample of 175,760). The results showed that the RAE is consistent across 5th, 8th, and 9th graders for both boys and girls.

Influence of different soccer-specific maximal actions on physiological, perceptual and accelerometer measurement loads.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different soccer-specific maximal actions (Continuous run, Sprint, Sprint with change of direction [Sprint COD], Jump and Shot) upon physiological (oxygen uptake and heart rate) and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) responses and accelerometer load.

Materials And Methods: Ten moderately to well-trained male soccer players volunteered to serve as subjects in this study. A repeated within-subject design was used in which each subject was tested on five occasions on different days, one test each day, during a period of 2 weeks.

Inevitable Relative Age Effects in Different Stages of the Selection Process among Male and Female Youth Soccer Players.

The relative age effect (RAE) in the selection of young soccer players is a well-known phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative age effect existing despite strategies that have been implemented to avoid its presence in the selection process. We also aimed to investigate the RAE during the three different selection stages for B13, B14 (boys), and G13, G14 (girls), and gender differences in the RAE.

The impact of physical growth and relative age effect on assessment in physical education.

Physical education (PE) is perhaps the school subject most likely to produce relative age effects (RAE). Like in sports, physical maturity gives students an advantage in PE, which might well be mistaken for superior ability. The aim of the present study is to investigate the extent to which physical growth, measured as height, and RAE reflect the assessment in Norwegian PE.

Player Load, Acceleration, and Deceleration During Forty-Five Competitive Matches of Elite Soccer.

The use of time-motion analysis has advanced our understanding of position-specific work rate profiles and the physical requirements of soccer players. Still, many of the typical soccer activities can be neglected, as these systems only examine activities measured by distance and speed variables. This study used triaxial accelerometer and time-motion analysis to obtain new knowledge about elite soccer players' match load.

Acceleration and sprint profiles of a professional elite football team in match play.

The aim of this study was to characterise the acceleration and sprint profiles of elite football match play in one Norwegian elite football team (Rosenborg FC). Fifteen professional players in five playing positions took part in the study (n = 101 observations). Player movement was recorded during every domestic home game of one full season (n = 15) by an automatic tracking system based on microwave technology.