Built environment change for injury prevention: insights from public health professionals across public health units in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Road-related injuries and deaths are among the most significant and avoidable public health problems in Canada. Modifications to the built environment (BE) can reduce injury rates for vulnerable road users (VRUs) and other priority populations who experience disproportionate risk. This paper highlights public health professionals' experiences working in injury prevention across Ontario public health units (PHUs) navigating barriers and facilitators to BE change.

Genome-wide characterization of 54 urinary metabolites reveals molecular impact of kidney function.

Dissecting the genetic mechanisms underlying urinary metabolite concentrations can provide molecular insights into kidney function and open possibilities for causal assessment of urinary metabolites with risk factors and disease outcomes. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics provides a high-throughput means for urinary metabolite profiling, as widely applied for blood biomarker studies. Here we report a genome-wide association study meta-analysed for 3 European cohorts comprising 8,011 individuals, covering both people with type 1 diabetes and general population settings.

Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine Trial.

Objective: To evaluate descriptive efficacy data, exploratory immunogenicity data, and safety follow-up through study completion from the global, phase 3 MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) maternal vaccination trial of bivalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein vaccine (RSVpreF).

Methods: MATISSE was a phase 3, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Healthy pregnant participants aged 49 years or younger at 24-36 weeks of gestation were randomized (1:1) to receive a single RSVpreF 120 micrograms or placebo dose.

Linking Black women to PrEP care using warm handoff referrals from emergency departments to local PrEP clinics.

New Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) cases continue to disproportionately burden cisgender Black/African American women in the United States due to a confluence of structural and systemic factors. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a safe and effective HIV prevention option, yet there is a striking gap between PrEP eligibility and uptake among cisgender Black women. The current study evaluates a novel warm handoff process in a hospital emergency department setting linking eligible women to local PrEP clinics within 72 hours of hospital discharge in a large southwestern metropolitan city.

Investigating Dietitians' Knowledge and Comfort in Supporting Muslim Clients and Communities Who Fast During Ramadan.

The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore Saskatchewan Registered Dietitians' perceived knowledge, comfort, and access to resources in supporting Muslims who choose to fast during Ramadan. An online anonymous survey was distributed to Saskatchewan dietitians from January 31 to February 22, 2022. Quantitative data analysis was employed using Microsoft Excel.

Mediators and Moderators of two online interventions for managing pain, fear of progression and functional ability in rheumatoid arthritis.

This is a secondary analysis of a trial comparing online mindfulness-based stress reduction with cognitive-behaviour therapy for people with rheumatoid arthritis. Both interventions were administered over eight weeks with five lessons and accompanied by weekly therapist contact. For the purposes of this study, we investigated the pain severity, fear of progression and functional ability as the outcome variables because the treatments had differential effects on these three outcomes but had equivalent effects on other variables.

Immunogenicity, Reactogenicity, and Safety of a Pentavalent Meningococcal ABCWY Vaccine in Adolescents and Young Adults who had Previously Received a Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine: Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study.

Background: A MenABCWY vaccine containing 4CMenB and MenACWY-CRM vaccine components has been developed to protect against the five meningococcal serogroups that cause most invasive disease cases.

Methods: In this phase 3 study (NCT04707391), healthy participants aged 15-25 years, who had received MenACWY vaccination ≥4 years previously, were randomized (1:1) to receive two MenABCWY doses six months apart or one MenACWY-CRM dose. Primary objectives were to demonstrate the non-inferiority of MenABCWY 1 month post-vaccination versus MenACWY-CRM, with a lower limit of 2-sided 95% confidence interval above -10% for group differences in 4-fold rise in human serum bactericidal antibody (hSBA) titers against serogroups ACWY, and to evaluate reactogenicity and safety.

Multicellular model of neuroblastoma proposes unconventional therapy based on multiple roles of p53.

Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumour in children. Over half of all high-risk cases are expected to succumb to the disease even after chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. Although the importance of MYCN amplification in this disease is indisputable, the mechanistic details remain enigmatic.

Clinical outcomes and severity of laboratory-confirmed RSV compared with influenza, parainfluenza and human metapneumovirus in Australian children attending secondary care.

Introduction: Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) are a major contributor to the global infectious disease burden and a common cause of hospitalisation for children under 2 years. We compared clinical severity in children hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and influenza virus (IFV).

Methods: We used a probabilistically linked population cohort born in Western Australia between 2010 and 2020 and hospitalised before the age of 2 years.

Association of exposure to second-hand smoke during childhood with blood DNA methylation.

Introduction: By recent estimates, 40% of children worldwide are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS), which has been associated with adverse health outcomes. While numerous studies have linked maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) to widespread differences in child blood DNA methylation (DNAm), research specifically examining postnatal SHS exposure remains sparse. To address this gap, we conducted epigenome-wide meta-analyses to identify associations of postnatal SHS and child blood DNAm.

A High-Throughput Immune-Oncology Screen Identifies Immunostimulatory Properties of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Agents in TNBC.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) typically have a greater immune cell infiltrate and are more likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) than ER+ or HER2+ breast cancers. However, there is a crucial need to optimize combining chemotherapy strategies with ICI to enhance overall survival in TNBC. Therefore, we developed a high-throughput co-culture screening assay to identify compounds that enhance CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity.

Nonsurgical Medical Aesthetics and Patient Quality of Life: An Umbrella Review.

Nonsurgical cosmetic facial procedures have become popular treatment options for individuals seeking aesthetic improvements. Despite a breadth of literature on patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes, there is a lack of information specific to changes in quality of life outcomes. The objective of this umbrella review is to report the effectiveness of nonsurgical facial aesthetic treatments on reported quality of life in cosmetic treatment-seeking patients.

Statistical Fragility of Findings From Randomized Phase 3 Trials in Pediatric Oncology.

Purpose: The fragility index (FI) is an adjunctive metric to facilitate the interpretation of p-values in clinical trials. The FI has not been studied in phase 3 trials in pediatric oncology.

Methods: PubMed was used to identify phase 3 pediatric oncology trials published between 1980 and 2020.

Ulcerative Colitis Severity Classification and Localised Extent (UC-SCALE): An Artificial Intelligence scoring system for a spatial assessment of disease severity in Ulcerative Colitis.

Background & Aims: Validated scoring methods such as the Mayo Clinic Endoscopic Subscore (MCES) evaluate ulcerative colitis (UC) severity at the worst colon segment, without considering disease extent. We present the Ulcerative Colitis Severity Classification and Localised Extent (UC-SCALE) algorithm, which provides a comprehensive and automated evaluation of endoscopic severity and disease extent in UC.

Methods: UC-SCALE consists of 3 main elements: 1) a quality filter selecting readable images (frames) from colonoscopy videos, 2) a scoring system assigning a MCES to each readable frame, and 3) a camera localisation algorithm assigning each frame to a location within the colon.

Dissociation between area TE and rhinal cortex in accuracy vs. speed of visual categorization in rhesus monkeys.

In real-world vision, objects may appear for a short period, such as in conjunction with visual search. Presumably, this puts a premium on rapid categorization. We designed a visual categorization task cued by briefly presented images to study how visual categorization is processed in an ethologically relevant context.

Child maltreatment mortality in Canada: An analysis of coroner and medical examiner data.

Background: Fatalities are the most severe consequence of child maltreatment, but there are gaps in what is known about the epidemiology of such deaths in Canada.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify child maltreatment deaths among those classified as homicide or undetermined manner; (2) estimate rates of child maltreatment mortality by sex, age, geography, and year; and (3) measure differences between rates of child maltreatment mortality and homicide mortality.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional design and analyzed mortality data from the Canadian Coroner and Medical Examiner Database for a ten-year period (2007 to 2016).

Syndrome-informed phenotyping identifies a polygenic background for achondroplasia-like facial variation in the general population.

Human craniofacial shape is highly variable yet highly heritable with numerous genetic variants interacting through multiple layers of development. Here, we hypothesize that Mendelian phenotypes represent the extremes of a phenotypic spectrum and, using achondroplasia as an example, we introduce a syndrome-informed phenotyping approach to identify genomic loci associated with achondroplasia-like facial variation in the general population. We compare three-dimensional facial scans from 43 individuals with achondroplasia and 8246 controls to calculate achondroplasia-like facial scores.

Mapping genes for human face shape: Exploration of univariate phenotyping strategies.

Human facial shape, while strongly heritable, involves both genetic and structural complexity, necessitating precise phenotyping for accurate assessment. Common phenotyping strategies include simplifying 3D facial features into univariate traits such as anthropometric measurements (e.g.

Utilization of Injectable and Device-Based Treatments in Medical Dermatology: A Survey on Demographics, Conditions, and Resident Involvement.

Background: Injectable and device-based treatments are used for medical dermatologic conditions, but understanding dermatologists' practices remains limited.

Objective: This study examines injectable and device-based treatments for medical dermatologic conditions to identify patterns and potential improvements.

Materials And Methods: A survey was distributed to Association of Academic Cosmetic Dermatology members, covering practice settings, conditions treated, pricing, and resident involvement.

Assessing Gender Diversity in American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Fellowship Leadership: A 2013 to 2022 Trend Analysis.

Background: While there has been improved gender representation in dermatology, there remains areas for improvement, especially in leadership positions. Studies have evaluated diversity in various dermatology subspecialties, but evaluation of gender diversity in cosmetic dermatology is lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the temporal trends in gender diversity within the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ASDS) Cosmetic Dermatologic Surgery Fellowship Programs from 2013 to 2022.

4CMenB Breadth of Immune Response, Immunogenicity, and Safety: Results From a Phase 3 Randomized, Controlled, Observer Blind Study in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Background: Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) strains are highly diverse. Breadth of immune response for the MenB vaccine, 4CMenB, administered at 0-2, 0-6, or 0-2-6 months, was demonstrated by endogenous complement-human serum bactericidal antibody (enc-hSBA) assay against an epidemiologically relevant panel of 110 MenB strains.

Methods: In a phase 3 trial, 3651 healthy 10- to 25-year-old participants were randomized 5:5:9:1 to receive 4CMenB (0-6 schedule), 4CMenB (0-2-6 schedule), investigational MenABCWY vaccine, or control MenACWY-CRM vaccine.

Growing up in a larger body: youth- and parent-reported triggers for illness and barriers to recovery from anorexia nervosa.

Background: A significant portion of youth with anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) have history of 'overweight/obesity' (i.e., body mass index ≥ 85th percentile for age-and-sex) prior to the onset of the eating disorder (ED) diagnosis, but research on this population remains limited.

Loss of DOT1L function disrupts neuronal transcription, animal behavior, and leads to a novel neurodevelopmental disorder.

Individuals with monoallelic pathogenic variants in the histone lysine methyltransferase DOT1L display global developmental delay and varying congenital anomalies. However, the impact of monoallelic loss of remains unclear. Here, we present a largely female cohort of 11 individuals with variants with developmental delays and dysmorphic facial features.