Design, Synthesis and Anticandidal Evaluation of Indazole and Pyrazole Derivatives.

Candidiasis, caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, is the second cause of superficial and mucosal infections and the fourth cause of bloodstream infections. Although some antifungal drugs to treat candidiasis are available, resistant strains to current therapies are emerging. Therefore, the search for new candicidal compounds is certainly a priority.

Impact of chronic immobilization stress on parameters of colonic homeostasis in BALB/c mice.

The intestinal epithelium is a monolayer of cells arranged side‑by‑side and connected by tight junction (TJ) proteins expressed at the apical extreme of the paracellular membrane. This layer prevents stress‑induced inflammatory responses, thus helping to maintain gut barrier function and gut homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chronic immobilization stress on the colonic expression of various parameters of homeostasis.

Analysis of inflammatory cytokine expression in the urinary tract of BALB/c mice infected with Proteus (P.) mirabilis and enteroaggregative Escherichia (E.) coli (EAEC) strains.

This study aimed to analyze the proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in the urinary tract of BALB/c mice infected with bacterial strains with uropathogenic potential. Groups of four 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were intraurethrally inoculated with 5 × 10 colony-forming units (CFU) of P. mirabilis ATCC29906, EAEC O42, P.

Keratinocyte infection by Actinomadura madurae triggers an inflammatory response.

Background: Actinomycetoma is a syndrome of the skin characterized by chronic inflammation and lesions with nodular grain-like structures. The most common aetiological agents are Nocardia brasiliensis and Actinomadura madurae. In response to infection with these organisms the body produces an inflammatory immune response in the skin.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2H-Indazole Derivatives: Towards Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Dual Agents.

Indazole is considered a very important scaffold in medicinal chemistry. It is commonly found in compounds with diverse biological activities, e.g.

Activation and IL-1β secretion of human peripheral phagocytes infected with Actinomadura madurae, Nocardia asteroides and Candida albicans.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of Actinomadura madurae (A. madurae) and Nocardia asteroides (N. asteroides), using Candida albicans (C.

Antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistant efflux pumps expression in lactic acid bacteria isolated from pozol, a nonalcoholic Mayan maize fermented beverage.

Pozol is a handcrafted nonalcoholic Mayan beverage produced by the spontaneous fermentation of maize dough by lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are carriers of chromosomal encoded multidrug-resistant efflux pumps genes that can be transferred to pathogens and/or confer resistance to compounds released during the fermentation process causing food spoiling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic sensibility and the transcriptional expression of ABC-type efflux pumps in LAB isolated from pozol that contributes to multidrug resistance.

Genotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the anterior nares and catheter of ambulatory hemodialysis patients in Mexico.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the causal agent of multiple nosocomial infections worldwide, including catheter-associated bacteremia in hemodialysis patients. The purposes of this work were to genetically characterize a group of MRSA isolates from catheter-related infections of ambulatory Mexican hemodialysis patients and to determine whether the strains are the same as those carried by the patients in their anterior nares. Sixteen pairs of MRSA isolates from the catheter (cat) and anterior nares (N) of hemodialysis patients were compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR detection of adhesion genes and other virulence markers, and an antibiogram.

Isolation of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthy carriers in a Mexican community.

Objectives: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clones are spreading rapidly among the population in many regions worldwide. Little information is available on CA-MRSA in Mexico. The aim of this study was to identify CA-MRSA strains in the nose and throat of healthy people in a Mexican community.

Novel Organotin(IV) Schiff Base Complexes with Histidine Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity.

Five novel tin Schiff base complexes with histidine analogues (derived from the condensation reaction between L-histidine and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) have been synthesized and characterized. Characterization has been completed by IR and high-resolution mass spectroscopy, 1D and 2D solution NMR ((1)H, (13)C  and (119)Sn), as well as solid state (119)Sn NMR. The spectroscopic evidence shows two types of structures: a trigonal bipyramidal stereochemistry with the tin atom coordinated to five donating atoms (two oxygen atoms, one nitrogen atom, and two carbon atoms belonging to the alkyl moieties), where one molecule of ligand is coordinated in a three dentate fashion.

Frequency and expression of ALS and HWP1 genotypes in Candida albicans strains isolated from Mexican patients suffering from vaginal candidosis.

To detect the frequency and expression of eight ALS (agglutinin-like sequence) genes and the HWP1 genotype in a group of Candida albicans strains isolated from Mexican women suffering from vaginal candidosis. A group of 264 women (age 15-57 years) with vaginal infections were evaluated. C.

Biochemical characterization of a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance produced by Enterococcus faecium MXVK29, isolated from Mexican traditional sausage.

Background: Enterococci are lactic acid bacteria that can produce bacteriocins, which may offer an additional hurdle to control the growth of food-borne pathogens; moreover, these bacteriocins may have great potential as natural biopreservatives. The aim of this work was to characterize a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) with antilisterial activity produced by an enterococcal strain.

Results: The bacteriogenic strain was isolated from Mexican fermented sausages and identified as Enterococcus faecium with 99% sequence similarity.

Characterization and persistence of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the anterior nares and throats of healthy carriers in a Mexican community.

Healthy carriers of Staphylococcus aureus strains have an important role in the dissemination of this bacterium. To investigate the presence of S. aureus in the throat and anterior nares, samples from 1,243 healthy volunteers in a Mexican community were examined.

Antibody response in mice immunized by mucosal routes with formalin-inactivated enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains.

Secretory and systemic antibody response in mice against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) was evaluated. Groups of mice were immunized with formalin inactivated EPEC 0127:H6 strain by intranasal, peroral, intragastric and intrarectal route, with and without cholera toxin (CT) used as mucosal adjuvant. Mice immunized subcutaneously and a non treated control group were included.