Staging Parkinson's disease according to the MNCD classification correlates with caregiver burden.

Background And Objective: Recently, we demonstrated that staging Parkinson's disease (PD) with a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on four axes (motor, non-motor, cognition, and dependency) and five stages, correlated with disease severity and patients' quality of life. Here, we analyzed the correlation of MNCD staging with PD caregiver's status.

Patients And Methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients and their principal caregiver recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD total score (from 0 to 12) and MNCD stages (from 1 to 5) in this cross-sectional analysis.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Drooling in Parkinson's Disease: Results from a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort and Comparison with a Control Group.

Introduction: Drooling in Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequent but often goes underrecognized. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of drooling in a PD cohort and compare it with a control group. Specifically, we identified factors associated with drooling and conducted subanalyses in a subgroup of very early PD patients.

Staging Parkinson's Disease According to the MNCD (Motor/Non-motor/Cognition/Dependency) Classification Correlates with Disease Severity and Quality of Life.

Background: Recently, a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on 4 axes (Motor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dependency) and 5 stages, has been proposed to classify Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: Our aim was to apply the MNCD classification in a cohort of PD patients for the first time and also to analyze the correlation with quality of life (QoL) and disease severity.

Methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort fromJanuary 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD classification.

Sex Differences in Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms among Spanish Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Background And Objective: Sex plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD) mechanisms. We analyzed sex difference manifestations among Spanish patients with PD.

Patients And Methods: PD patients who were recruited from the Spanish cohort COPPADIS from January 2016 to November 2017 were included.

Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Parkinson's Disease With Visual Hallucinations and Subjective Cognitive Complaints.

Background And Purpose: Visual hallucinations (VH) and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) are associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in Parkinson's disease. Our aims were to determine the association between VH and SCC and the risk of CI development in a cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease and normal cognition (PD-NC).

Methods: Patients with PD-NC (total score of >80 on the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale [PD-CRS]) recruited from the Spanish COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were followed up after 2 years.

Predictors of the change in burden, strain, mood, and quality of life among caregivers of Parkinson's disease patients.

Background And Objective: Caregiver burden in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been studied in many cross-sectional studies but poorly in longitudinal ones. The aim of the present study was to analyze the change in burden, strain, mood, and quality of life (QoL) after a 2-year follow-up in a cohort of caregivers of patients with PD and also to identify predictors of these changes.

Patients And Methods: PD patients and their caregivers who were recruited from January/2016 to November/2017 from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in the study.

Increased homocysteine levels correlate with cortical structural damage in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Blood homocysteine appears to be increased in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may play a role in the development and progression of this disorder. However, the specific contribution of abnormal homocysteine levels to cortical degeneration in PD remains elusive.

Objective: To characterize the cortical structural correlates of homocysteine levels in PD.

Parkinson's Disease Motor Subtypes Change with the Progression of the Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up.

Background: Motor phenotype (MP) can be associated with a different prognosis in Parkinson's disease (PD), but it is not fixed and can change over time.

Objective: Our aim was to analyze how the MP changed over time and to identify factors associated with the changes in PD patients from a multicenter Spanish PD cohort.

Methods: PD patients who were recruited from January-2016 to November-2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated again at a 2-year±30 days follow-up (V2) from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort, were included in this study.

Diplopia Is Frequent and Associated with Motor and Non-Motor Severity in Parkinson's Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up.

Background And Objective: Diplopia is relatively common in Parkinson's disease (PD) but is still understudied. Our aim was to analyze the frequency of diplopia in PD patients from a multicenter Spanish cohort, to compare the frequency with a control group, and to identify factors associated with it.

Patients And Methods: PD patients who were recruited from January 2016 to November 2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated again at a 2-year ± 30 days follow-up (V2) from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this longitudinal prospective study.

Predictors of clinically significant quality of life impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Quality of life (QOL) plays an important role in independent living in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, being crucial to know what factors impact QoL throughout the course of the disease. Here we identified predictors of QoL impairment in PD patients from a Spanish cohort. PD patients recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016, to November 2017, were followed up during 2 years.

Identifying comorbidities and lifestyle factors contributing to the cognitive profile of early Parkinson's disease.

Background: Identifying modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and estimating their impact on cognitive status may help prevent dementia (PDD) and the design of cognitive trials.

Methods: Using a standard approach for the assessment of global cognition in PD and controlling for the effects of age, education and disease duration, we explored the associations between cognitive status, comorbidities, metabolic variables and lifestyle variables in 533 PD participants from the COPPADIS study.

Results: Among the overall sample, 21% of participants were classified as PD-MCI (n = 114) and 4% as PDD (n = 26).

Predictors of Loss of Functional Independence in Parkinson's Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up and Comparison with a Control Group.

Background And Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the progression of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients versus a control group, as well as to identify predictors of disability progression and functional dependency (FD).

Patients And Methods: PD patients and control subjects, who were recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort between January 2016 and November 2017 (V0), were included. Patients and subjects were then evaluated again at the 2-year follow-up (V2).

Constipation Predicts Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-up and Comparison with a Control Group.

Background: Constipation has been linked to cognitive impairment development in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: Our aim was to analyze cognitive changes observed in PD patients and controls from a Spanish cohort with regards to the presence or not of constipation.

Methods: PD patients and controls recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were followed-up during 2 years.

In vivo cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration and cognition in Parkinson's disease: Imaging results from the COPPADIS study.

Introduction: We aimed to assess associations between multimodal neuroimaging measures of cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) integrity and cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) without dementia.

Methods: The study included a total of 180 non-demented PD patients and 45 healthy controls, who underwent structural MRI acquisitions and standardized neurocognitive assessment through the PD-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) within the multicentric COPPADIS-2015 study. A subset of 73 patients also had Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) acquisitions.

Falls Predict Acute Hospitalization in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: There is a need for identifying risk factors for hospitalization in Parkinson's disease (PD) and also interventions to reduce acute hospital admission.

Objective: To analyze the frequency, causes, and predictors of acute hospitalization (AH) in PD patients from a Spanish cohort.

Methods: PD patients recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS-2015 (COhort of Patients with PArkinson's DIsease in Spain, 2015) cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were included in the study.

Causes and factors related to dopamine agonist withdrawal in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Although dopamine agonists (DAs) are useful in Parkinson's disease (PD), they are not frequently used in elderly patients due to adverse effects. However, there is a lack of evidence because few elderly PD patients are enrolled in clinical trials.

Aims Of The Study: The aims of this study were to analyze the reasons of DA withdrawal (DAW) in a group of PD patients in clinical practice and to identify the related factors.