Distribution of the CMV glycoprotein gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/pUL128/pUL130/pUL131A complex variants and associated clinical manifestations in infants infected congenitally or postnatally.

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of morbidity in fetuses following intrauterine infection. The glycoprotein (g) envelope trimeric gH/gL/gO and pentameric gH/gL/pUL128/pUL130/pUL131A complexes are required for CMV entry into fibroblasts and endothelial/epithelial cells, respectively, and both are targets for neutralizing antibodies. The role of sequence variability among viral strains in the outcome of congenital CMV infection is controversial.

Association of TLR3 L412F Polymorphism with Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children.

Intracellular Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and activates antiviral immune responses through the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. This receptor binds to dsRNA molecules produced during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. TLR7 senses viral single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) in endosomes, and it can interact with endogenous RNAs.

TLR9 -1486T/C and 2848C/T SNPs Are Associated with Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Infants.

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes non-methylated viral CpG-containing DNA and serves as a pattern recognition receptor that signals the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here, we present the genotype distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TLR9 gene in infants and the relationship between TLR9 polymorphisms and HCMV infection. Four polymorphisms (-1237T/C, rs5743836; -1486T/C, rs187084; 1174G/A, rs352139; and 2848C/T, rs352140) in the TLR9 gene were genotyped in 72 infants with symptomatic HCMV infection and 70 healthy individuals.

Mannose-binding lectin in chronic hepatitis C in children.

Objective: To investigate effect of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) genetic polymorphisms and phenotype in chronic hepatitis C and its impact on response to antiviral therapy in children.

Methods: Fifty four children with chronic hepatitis C, aged 2.5-18 years were enrolled.

Cytomegalovirus alpha-chemokine genotypes are associated with clinical manifestations in children with congenital or postnatal infections.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital infections. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of genotypes based on the highly polymorphic UL146 and UL147 HCMV genes and the relationship between the genotype and symptoms or viral load. We analyzed samples from 121 infants with symptomatic HCMV infection, including 32 congenitally infected newborns.

Relationship between toll-like receptor 2 Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln and toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphisms and cytomegalovirus infection.

Objectives: The association among specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR2 (Arg677Trp, Arg753Gln) and TLR4 (Asp299Gln) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was studied in infants and adults.

Methods: The TLR2 and TLR4 polymorphisms were genotyped in 151 patients with CMV infections and in 78 unrelated healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR-amplified fragments.

Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein H genotype distribution and the relationship with hearing loss in children.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of congenital infection and a leading infectious cause of hearing loss in children. The ORF UL75 gene encodes envelope glycoprotein H (gH), which is essential for CMV entry into host cells and the target of the immune response in humans. However, the distribution of gH variants and the relationship between the viral genotype, viral load, and sequelae in children infected with CMV is debated.

Efficacy of pegylated interferon α-2b and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C virus (genotypes 1 and 4) infection.

Background And Objective: The course of chronic hepatitis C in children is often mild or asymptomatic, but may lead to liver cirrhosis and neoplasm. The aim of our study was retrospective evaluation of treatment efficacy using pegylated interferon (IFN)-α2b with ribavirin in children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis C, both treatment naïve and re-treated.

Methods: The study comprised 79 patients with chronic hepatitis C ages 8 to 18 years (43 patients re-treated; 54 infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus and 25 with genotype 4), treated with pegylated IFN-α2b (1.

Distribution of cytomegalovirus gN variants and associated clinical sequelae in infants.

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most widespread cause of congenital infection. The effects of various viral strains and viral loads on the infection outcome have been under debate.

Objectives: To determine the distribution of gN variants in HCMV strains isolated from children with congenital or postnatal infection and to establish the relationship between the viral genotype, the viral load, and the sequelae.

[Thyroid dysfunctions in children with chronic hepatitis C during interferon alpha-2b therapy].

Thyroid dysfunctions are the most frequently described extrahepatic syndromes which complicate HCV infection. Application of interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C increases the frequency their occurrence. The aim of this study was analysis of the frequency of thyroid dysfunctions in children with chronic hepatitis C treated with recombined and pegylated interferon alpha-2b.

[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children as the result of aseptic meningitis - a report of two cases].

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammation of the spinal cord and brain. Diagnosis of ADEM, due to its rare occurrence and lack of definite laboratory indices, is difficult and is never totally certain. The clinical criterion required for the diagnosis is presence of acute symptoms from the brain and/or spine with fever, occurring after viral or bacterial infection, vaccination or serum administration.

[Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in immunopathology of HBV infection as the chance on the new therapeutic strategy].

Many individuals infected with HBV become chronic carriers and they liver disease may progress to cirrhosis and HCC. The newest data suggests that the interaction between positive and negative costimulatory molecules expressed on T cells are performing the role in the regulation ofT cells immune response. In the last years they were described programmed death-1 (PD-1) [CD279] and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) [CD274] in immunopathology of HBV infections.

[The role of selected risk factors in Barrett's esophagus development].

Unlabelled: Barrett's esophagus is the proved stage of increasing risk for development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Why among wide spread GERD, a few patients only develop Barrett's esophagus is still not clear.

Aim Of The Study: To define the factors, which significantly increase the risk for development Barrett's esophagus.

[Mumps--effect of immunizations on epidemiological situation].

In 2004, 57% of States included mumps vaccine in their routine national immunization programmers. Nevertheless WHO reported then global increase of mumps cases--654 216 in 2004 compared to 334 064 cases in 2003. Cases registered in Europe accounted for 38% of general accidents.

[The analysis of the hepatitis C virus infection course and efficacy of treatment dependence on HLA A antigens in children and youth].

Unlabelled: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection course and efficacy of treatment may be depended on HLA antigens. The aim of the study is attempt to define dependence between the course of HCV infection and efficacy its treatment and HLA A antigens in children and youth.

Patients And Methods: To the study included 61 patients (51 after treatment for HCV infection and 10 not treated).

[Underestimated problem of Chlamydia infections].

Microorganisms which belong to Chlamydophila sp and Chlamydia sp genus are intracellular pathogens with characteristic life cycle. In humans the most common infections are caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae i Chlamydia trachomatis.These pathogens are mainly responsible for infections of upper respiratory tract, infections of urinary tract and conjunctivitis.

[Haemophilus influenzae infections in children].

Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative bacteria. The capsular form of this bacteria, mainly type b, is responsible for severe bacterial meningitis. In the study course of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in two children was presented.

Lipid metabolism in children with chronic hepatitis C, A preliminary report.

Background/aims: The importance of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C has been recognized in recent years. Bearing in mind remote sequelae of chronic hepatitis C in children, it seems reasonable to seek to determine potential risk factors for the development of cirrhosis and carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to assess lipid metabolism in children with chronic HCV-related hepatitis.

[Specific features of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in children].

Clinical picture of Borrelia burgdorferi infection has been presented in 89 children from Lodz region. The analysis showed significant domination of cases with non specific symptoms (41.6%) as: fever or headache and cases with affected central and peripheral nervous system (30.

[Mycotic complications of shunt infection in children with primary hydrocephalus].

Recently, the incidence of fungal infections in children, including children with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, has increased. The analysis comprised 8 children treated in the III Clinic of Pediatrics of ICZMP during the period of 12 months (12% of all infectious complications of the shunt system). The clinical picture of fungal infection included symptoms of shunt dysfunction: febrile conditions, vomiting, distress and loss of appetite.

[Sustained virological response in children with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alpha and ribavirin].

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of IFN-alpha and ribavirine combined therapy of chronic hepatitis C in children. The study comprised 37 children (22 boys and 15 girls) aged between 4 and 18 years (mean 12 years and 6 months) with chronic hepatitis C, diagnosed on the basis of serological, virological and histological criteria. The treatment included Intron A (Schering Plough) administered subcutaneously 3 M.

[Evaluation of the somatic development in children with chronic virus hepatitis].

The aim of the study was an evaluation of the somatic development of children with chronic hepatitis B, C and HBs antigen positive and finding the correlation between the nutrition status, the duration of disease and the aminotransferase activity. The somatic development was examined on the basis of body height and weight measurement and calculation of body mass index and Cole's index. Lowered body height and weight was observed in 25% of the children with chronic HCV infection.

[Neutrophil oxidative metabolism in children with chronic hepatitis C].

Unlabelled: A growing number of data suggest the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of chronic type c hepatitis. Activated neutrophils, macrophages and Kupffer cells are basic sources of ROS in the course of the inflammatory process in the liver. The aim of the study was to assess the metabolism of neutrophil oxygen in children with chronic hepatitis C.

[Results of 12-month lamivudine therapy of chronic hepatitis B in children].

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to assess the results of 12-month lamivudine therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B.

Material And Methods: The study included 24 children (14 boys and 10 girls) aged from 7 to 18 years with chronic hepatitis B diagnosed according to current criteria. Lamivudine was administred in a daily dose of 3-5 mg/kg up to 100 mg for twelve months.

[Extrapulmonary complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections].

Unlabelled: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common etiological factor in atypical pneumonia in children. The course of the disease is usually mild, but in some cases, especially in extrapulmonary localisation, it can pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic problems. The aim of this study was evaluation of extrapulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children.