Perspective: the evolution of hormones and person perception-a quantitative genetic framework.

Evolutionary biology provides a unifying theory for testing hypotheses about the relationship between hormones and person perception. Person perception usually receives attention from the perspective of sexual selection. However, because person perception is one trait in a suite regulated by hormones, univariate approaches are insufficient.

Birth Seasonality of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder? A Review of Inpatient Records.

Background: Numerous studies on seasonality of birth for mood disorders and schizophrenia have been published but findings are inconsistent . We aim to test the hypothesis of lack of seasonal birth differences in hospitalized Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia patients.

Methods: 15969 inpatient records in UTHealth Harris County Psychiatric Center between 2012-2014 were enrolled (HSC-MS-14-0274).

Race, History of Abuse, and Homelessness Are Associated With Forced Medication Administration During Psychiatric Inpatient Care.

Objective: Although previous research has suggested that racial disparities exist in the administration of forced medication (FM) in psychiatric inpatients, data remain scarce regarding other contributing variables. Therefore, this study examined sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with FM administration in psychiatric inpatients.

Methods: Electronic medical records from 57,615 patients admitted to an academic psychiatric hospital between 2010 and 2018 were reviewed to identify patients who received FM.

Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Child-adolescent Patients with Bipolar Disorder.

Objective: Previous studies have indicated a convergent and bidirectional relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bipolar disorder (BD). As most of these studies focused mainly on adults diagnosed with BD, our study aims to investigate and characterize metabolic disturbances in child-adolescents diagnosed with BD.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the medical records of psychiatric hospitalizations with admitting diagnosis of BD in child-adolescents (age ＜ 18 years).

Borderline Personality Features in Inpatients with Bipolar Disorder: Impact on Course and Machine Learning Model Use to Predict Rapid Readmission.

Background: Earlier research indicated that nearly 20% of patients diagnosed with either bipolar disorder (BD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD) also met criteria for the other diagnosis. Yet limited data are available concerning the potential impact of co-occurring BPD and/or BPD features on the course or outcome in patients with BD. Therefore, this study examined this comorbidity utilizing the standardized Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ).

An Unusual Case of Acute Psychosis With Obsessive-Compulsive Features Following Arsenic Poisoning.

Arsenic exposure, particularly the chronic type, can lead to poisoning with manifestations presenting in multiple organ systems. However, acute psychosis is not a commonly described manifestation of arsenic exposure. In this report, we present the case of a patient who developed acute psychosis with hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms following chronic occupational arsenic exposure.

Antipsychotic-induced Tardive dyskinesia: from biological basis to clinical management.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a chronic and disabling movement disorder with a complex pathophysiological basis. A significant percentage of patients does not receive correct diagnosis, resulting in delayed or inaccurate treatment and poor outcome. Therefore, there is a critical need for prompt recognition, implementation of efficacious treatment regimens and long-term follow up of patients with TD.

Early-Life Trauma in Hospitalized Patients With Mood Disorders and Its Association With Clinical Outcomes.

Background: The prevalence of childhood trauma and its impact on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with mood disorders is unknown. We studied the frequency of childhood trauma among inpatient adults with mood disorders and its association with clinical outcomes.

Methods: Patients admitted to our hospital with a primary diagnosis of mood disorders completed the short form of the Early Trauma Inventory-Self-Report (ETISR-SF), the Sheehan Disability Scale, and the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity scale.

Revisiting Antipsychotic-induced Akathisia: Current Issues and Prospective Challenges.

Background: Akathisia continues to be a significant challenge in current neurological and psychiatric practice. Prompt and accurate detection is often difficult and there is a lack of consensus concerning the neurobiological basis of akathisia. No definitive treatment has been established for akathisia despite numerous preclinical and clinical studies.

First manic episode associated with use of human chorionic gonadotropin for obesity: a case report.

Background: Although highly controversial, the treatment of obesity with exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) remains popular in the USA. We report the case of a patient whose first manic episode was associated with the use of HCG for weight loss.

Case Report: A 32-year-old female patient was admitted to our psychiatric inpatient unit due to a two-week history of manic symptoms.

Atomoxetine treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults with assessment of functional outcomes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with significant impairment in multiple functional domains. This trial evaluated efficacy in ADHD symptoms and functional outcomes in young adults treated with atomoxetine.

Methods: Young adults (18-30 years old) with ADHD were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with atomoxetine (n = 220) or placebo (n = 225).

Duloxetine versus escitalopram and placebo: an 8-month, double-blind trial in patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: Duloxetine and escitalopram were compared in an 8-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in adult outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). The results regarding the primary objective of the study (onset of antidepressant action) have been previously published. The current paper focuses on the longer-term (8-month) comparisons of efficacy and safety between duloxetine and escitalopram.

Duloxetine as an SNRI treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: results from a placebo and active-controlled trial.

This study examined the efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine 60-120 mg/day for the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder. This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, placebo and active-controlled (venlafaxine extended-release 75-225 mg/day) trial designed to assess duloxetine 60-120 mg/day during 10 weeks of treatment in adults with Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV-defined generalized anxiety disorder. The primary efficacy outcome measure was mean change from baseline to endpoint in the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale total score assessed using analysis of covariance.

Aripiprazole for the prevention of relapse in stabilized patients with chronic schizophrenia: a placebo-controlled 26-week study.

Background: Aripiprazole is a novel antipsychotic for the management of schizophrenia. This study investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of aripiprazole in preventing relapse in adult chronic schizophrenia patients experiencing ongoing stable symptomatology.

Method: In this 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multi-center study, 310 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia (mean Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] total score = 82) were randomly assigned to receive a once-daily fixed dose of aripiprazole, 15 mg, or placebo.

Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole vs. haloperidol for long-term maintenance treatment following acute relapse of schizophrenia.

Aripiprazole is a novel atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is a D2 receptor partial agonist with partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors and antagonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors. The long-term efficacy and safety of aripiprazole (30 mg/d) relative to haloperidol (10 mg/d) were investigated in two 52-wk, randomized, double-blind, multicentre studies (using similar protocols which were prospectively identified to be pooled for analysis) in 1294 patients in acute relapse with a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia and who had previously responded to antipsychotic medications.

Anxiety disorders in women.

Women have higher overall prevalence rates for anxiety disorders than men. Women are also much more likely than men to meet lifetime criteria for each of the specific anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), simple phobia, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Considerable evidence suggests that anxiety disorders remain underrecognized and undertreated despite their association with increased morbidity and severe functional impairment.