mutations increase variable new-antigen receptor single-domain antibodies for VEGF neutralization.

The stability, binding, and tissue penetration of variable new-antigen receptor (VNAR) single-domain antibodies have been tested as part of an investigation into their ability to serve as novel therapeutics. V13 is a VNAR that recognizes vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF). In the present study V13 was used as a parental molecule into which we introduced mutations designed .

Human TNF cytokine neutralization with a vNAR from Heterodontus francisci shark: a potential therapeutic use.

The therapeutic use of single domain antibodies (sdAbs) is a promising new approach because these small antibodies maintain antigen recognition and neutralization capacity, have thermal and chemical stability and have good solubility. In this study, using phage display technology, we isolated a variable domain of a IgNAR (vNAR) from a Heterodontus francisci shark immunized against the recombinant human cytokine TNFα (rhTNFα). One clone T43, which expresses the vNAR protein in the periplasmic space, was isolated from the fourth round of panning.