Within-City Variation in Reactive Oxygen Species from Fine Particle Air Pollution and COVID-19.

Evidence linking outdoor air pollution with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) incidence and mortality is largely based on ecological comparisons regions that may differ in factors such as access to testing and control measures that may not be independent of air pollution concentrations. Moreover, studies have yet to focus on key mechanisms of air pollution toxicity such as oxidative stress. To conduct a analysis of spatial variations in COVID-19 incidence and the estimated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung lining fluid attributable to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ⩽2.

An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions.

Background: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) is associated with a wide range of acute and chronic health effects, including increased risk of respiratory infection. However, evidence specifically related to novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is limited.

Methods: COVID-19 case counts for 111 Canadian health regions were obtained from the COVID-19 Canada Open Data portal.

Incident diuretic drug use and adverse respiratory events among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Aims: Diuretic drugs may theoretically improve respiratory health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through several possible mechanisms, but they might also lead to respiratory harm. We evaluated the association of incident oral diuretic drug use with respiratory-related morbidity and mortality among older adults with COPD.

Methods: This was a population-based, retrospective cohort study using health administrative data from Ontario, Canada, for the period 2008-2013.

Concurrent physician-diagnosed asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population study of prevalence, incidence and mortality.

Objective: We conducted a population-based cohort study to estimate trends in prevalence, incidence, and mortality of concurrent physician-diagnosed asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Study Design And Setting: Two validated health administrative case definitions were used to identify asthma and COPD among all individuals aged 35 years and older living in Ontario, Canada. Annual asthma, COPD, and concurrent asthma and COPD prevalence, incidence, and mortality, standardized for age and sex, were estimated, and compared from 2002 to 2012, using generalized linear models.

The impact of a history of asthma on long-term outcomes of people with newly diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population study.

Background: Little is known about the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that has developed from airway remodeling due to asthma, as compared with other COPD phenotypes.

Objective: We compared long-term health outcomes of individuals with COPD with and without a history of asthma in a population-based cohort study.

Methods: All individuals with physician-diagnosed COPD between the ages 40 and 55 years from 2009 and 2011 were identified and followed until March 2013 through provincial health administrative data (Ontario, Canada).

Urban/rural variation in children's bicycle-related injuries.

The objective of this study was to examine bicycle-related injury rates for children living in urban and rural areas. Data on all Canadian children hospitalised because of bicycling-related injuries (1994-1998) were obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). Injured children were classified as residing in urban, mixed urban, mixed rural or rural areas.

Impact of mandatory helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in children: a population-based study.

Objective: Childhood bicycle-related head injuries can be prevented through the use of helmets. Although helmet legislation has proved to be a successful strategy for the adoption of helmets, its effect on the rates of head injury is uncertain. In Canada, 4 provinces have such legislation.