Lipid Coverage in Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Mouse Lung Tissues.

Lipids are a naturally occurring group of molecules that not only contribute to the structural integrity of the lung preventing alveolar collapse but also play important roles in the anti-inflammatory responses and antiviral protection. Alteration in the type and spatial localization of lipids in the lung plays a crucial role in various diseases, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants and oxidative stress-influenced diseases, such as pneumonia, emphysema, and lung cancer following exposure to environmental stressors. The ability to accurately measure spatial distributions of lipids and metabolites in lung tissues provides important molecular insights related to lung function, development, and disease states.

Evaluation of non-invasive biomonitoring of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in saliva.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for non-invasive biomonitoring of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in saliva. Using an in vitro rat salivary gland epithelial cell (SGEC) system, a collection of experiments investigating chemical protein binding, temporal and directional transport, as well as competitive transport with para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), a substrate for renal organic anion transporters, was conducted to identify cellular transport parameters required to computationally model salivary transport of 2,4-D. Additionally, a physiological protein gradient was implemented to mimic physiologically relevant concentrations of protein in rat plasma and saliva, and under these conditions the transfer of 2,4-D was markedly slower, driven by increased protein binding (i.

Plasma Protein Turnover Rates in Rats Using Stable Isotope Labeling, Global Proteomics, and Activity-Based Protein Profiling.

Protein turnover is important for general health on cellular and organism scales providing a strategy to replace old, damaged, or dysfunctional proteins. Protein turnover also informs of biomarker kinetics, as a better understanding of synthesis and degradation of proteins increases the clinical utility of biomarkers. Here, turnover rates of plasma proteins in rats were measured in vivo using a pulse-chase stable isotope labeling experiment.

Lipidomics reveals dramatic lipid compositional changes in the maturing postnatal lung.

Lung immaturity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving normal lung development could provide insights on how to ameliorate disrupted development. While transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of normal lung development have been previously reported, characterization of changes in the lipidome is lacking.

Evaluation of Cuprimine® and Syprine® for decorporation of radioisotopes of cesium, cobalt, iridium and strontium.

Cuprimine® and Syprine® are therapeutics approved by the USFDA to treat copper overload in Wilson Disease (a genetic defect in copper transport) by chelation and accelerated excretion of internally-deposited copper. These oral therapeutics are based on the respective active ingredients D-penicillamine (DPA) and N,N'-bis (2-aminoethyl) -1,2-ethanediamine dihydrochloride (Trien). Cuprimine is considered the primary treatment, although physicians are increasingly turning to Syprine as a first-line therapy.

Biomaterials for the decorporation of (85)Sr in the rat.

Although four stable isotopes of strontium occur naturally, Sr is produced by nuclear fission and is present in surface soil around the world as a result of fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests. It can easily transfer to humans in the event of a nuclear/radiological emergency or through the plant-animal-human food chain causing long-term exposures. Strontium is chemically and biologically similar to calcium, and is incorporated primarily into bone following internal deposition.

Evaluation of Cuprimine and Syprine for decorporation of (60)Co and (210)Po.

The acknowledged risk of deliberate release of radionuclides into local environments by terrorist activities has prompted a drive to improve novel materials and methods for removing internally deposited radionuclides. These decorporation treatments will also benefit workers in the nuclear industry, should an exposure occur. Cuprimine and Syprine are oral therapeutics based on the active ingredients D-penicillamine and N,N'-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine dihydrochloride, respectively.

Aminothiol receptors for decorporation of intravenously administered (60)Co in the rat.

This report provides a comparison of the oral decorporation efficacy of L-glutathione (GSH), L-cysteine (Cys), and a liposomal GSH formulation (ReadiSorb) toward systemic (60)Co to that observed following intravenous administration of GSH and Cys in F344 rats. Aminoacid L-histidine (His) containing no thiol functionality was tested intravenously to compare in vivo efficacy of the aminothiol (GSH, Cys) chelators with that of the aminoimidazole (His) chelator. In these studies, (60)Co was administered to animals by intravenous injection, followed by intravenous or oral gavage doses of a chelator repeated at 24-h intervals for a total of 5 doses.

Investigation of chitosan for decorporation of 60Co in the rat.

With the increased threat of terrorist release of radioactive materials, there is a need for non-toxic decorporation agents to treat internal contamination with radionuclides. In this study, low molecular weight chitosan was evaluated for decorporation of radioactive cobalt (60Co). The affinity of chitosan for Co(II) was tested in vitro using spectrophotometric and potentiometric titration techniques.