Co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases and mortality risk in Spain: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: This study aims to estimate the impact of the co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors on mortality in the Spanish adult population.

Design: Population-based cohort study based on data from the 2011-2012 Spanish National Health Survey and the 2014 European Health Survey (n=35 053 participants ≥15 years of age) both linked to mortality data as of December 2022. Risk factors included tobacco use, high-risk alcohol consumption, low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, leisure time sedentary lifestyle and body mass index outside the 18.

Measles Among the Foreign-Born Population Residing in Spain, 2014-2022: Missed Opportunities for Vaccination.

Background/objectives: Spain has been in a measles elimination phase since 2014. No evidence exists about the distribution of measles cases among the population born outside Spain. The aim of this study was thus to describe the epidemiological situation of measles, stratified by place of birth, during the post-elimination period in Spain.

Recent trends in hospital admission due to bipolar disorder in 10-19-year-olds in Spain: A nationwide population-based study.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) hospitalization rates in children and adolescents vary greatly across place and over time. There are no population-based studies on youth BD hospitalizations in Spain.

Methods: We identified all patients aged 10-19 hospitalized due to BD in Spain between 2000 and 2021, examined their demographic and clinical characteristics, and assessed temporal trends in hospitalizations - overall and stratified by age and presence of additional psychiatric comorbidity.

Hospital Admissions for Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents in Spain: A Population-Based Study.

Objective: Limited evidence exists regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the onset and trajectory of eating disorders (EDs) among young in Spain. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and recent trends in hospital admissions for EDs within the pediatric population.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on hospital admissions for EDs among patients aged 10-19 years between 2016 and 2022.

Volume of alcohol intake, heavy episodic drinking, and all-cause mortality in Spain: A longitudinal population-based study.

Introduction: The impact of alcohol consumption on health, particularly in low quantities, remains controversial. Our objective was to assess the association between alcohol volume and heavy episodic drinking (HED) with all-cause mortality, while minimizing many of the known methodological issues.

Methodology: This longitudinal study used data from the 2011-2012 National Health Survey and the 2014 European Health Survey in Spain.

Alcohol consumption patterns and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the adult population of Spain.

Purpose: The objective is to evaluate the association between various indicators of alcohol consumption and the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the Spanish adult population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including 44,834 participants ≥ 15 years of age from the 2017 National Health Survey and the 2020 European Health Survey in Spain. Alcohol patterns were defined based on (1) average intake: individuals were classified as low risk (1-20 g/day in men and 1-10 g/day in women) and high risk (> 20 g/day in men or > 10 g/day in women), (2) binge drinking, and (3) alcoholic beverage preference.

Impact of psychological distress on mortality in Spain. The importance of early detection and treatment of mental disorders.

Background: Mental health problems account for 14% of mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between psychological distress and mortality in the Spanish adult population.

Methods: Data came from a longitudinal study in population ≥15 years of age (n=21,005) who participated in the 2011-12 Spanish National Health Survey, which was linked to mortality records as of December 2020.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of people with severe mental disorders hospitalized due to COVID-19: A nationwide population-based study.

Objetive: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe mental illness (SMI) have worse outcomes than counterparts without SMI. Barriers in access to acute care medical procedures among SMI patients may partially explain this phenomenon. Here, we examined differences in critical care admission and in-hospital mortality between hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without SMI.

Rural-urban gradients and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality in Spain using individual data.

•The literature reporting on rural-urban health status disparities remains inconclusive.•We analyzed data from a longitudinal population-based study using individual observations.•Our results show that the risks of all-cause and cancer mortality are greater in large cities than in other municipalities, with no clear urban-rural gradient.

Predictive capacity of self-rated health on all-cause mortality in Spain: differences across sex, age and educational level.

Background: Published evidence on self-rated health's capacity to predict mortality and its variability across subpopulations lacks consistency. Our objective is to evaluate this predictive association and whether/how it varies by sex, age and educational attainment at the population level in Spain.

Methods: Data came from a prospective longitudinal study based on 42 645 individuals aged ≥15 years who participated in the 2011-2012 and 2014 Spanish Health Surveys.

Physical and social environmental factors related to co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors.

Previous work identifying determinants of co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors have focused on their association with individuals' characteristics with scant attention paid to their relationship to contextual factors. Data came from 21,007 individuals ≥15 years of age who participated in the cross-sectional 2011-2012 Spanish National Health Survey. Two indicators were defined by tobacco consumption, alcohol intake, diet, physical activity, and body mass index.

Survival Patterns of Human Prion Diseases in Spain, 1998-2018: Clinical Phenotypes and Etiological Clues.

Background: Human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders of short duration. There are few studies on TSE survival. This study sought to analyze the survival and related factors of a TSE patient cohort, based on a nationwide surveillance system in Spain.

Clustering of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, self-rated health and disability.

The main objective was to identify sociodemographic characteristics of the population at risk for a greater clustering of unhealthy behaviors and to evaluate the association of such clustering with self-rated health status and disability. Data come from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey with a sample of 21,947 participants of 15 years of age or older. Based on tobacco consumption, risk drinking, unbalanced diet, sedentarism, and body mass index <18.

Recent trends of invasive mechanical ventilation in older adults: a nationwide population-based study.

Background: Critical care demand for older people is increasing. However, there is scarce population-based information about the use of life-support measures such as invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in this population segment.

Objective: To examine the characteristics and recent trends of IMV for older adults.

Small area influences on the individual unhealthy lifestyle behaviors: A multilevel analysis of discriminatory accuracy.

We estimated the discriminatory power of area of residence (census tract) on the prevalence of main risk factors for chronic diseases. Results, based on a sample of 21,007 participants from the 2011-2012 National Health Survey of Spain, show a differential influence of the geosocial environment on the four health risk factors. Accounting for census tracts substantially increases the discriminatory power regarding at-risk alcohol consumption, unbalanced diet, and leisure-time sedentarism but not tobacco consumption.

Individual and Contextual Factors Associated With Hazardous Drinking in Spain: Evidence From a National Population-Based Study.

Background: Heavy drinking (HD) and binge drinking (BD) exhibit marked differences in their relationships with contextual-level factors imbedded in geographical areas of residence. The objective is to identify sociodemographic factors, both at the individual and at the contextual level, associated with these 2 main hazardous consumption patterns.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using data from the 2011 to 2012 National Health Survey in Spain.

Use and outcomes of mechanical ventilation for people with severe mental disorders admitted due to natural causes: A nationwide population-based study.

Objective: To characterize temporal trends and outcomes of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) for people with severe mental disorders (SMD) admitted due to natural causes.

Methods: We identified all 224,507 hospitalizations of patients aged 15-69 who underwent MV in Spain between 2000 and 2015, excluding poisonings and injuries, and divided them by presence of an SMD diagnosis. We compared the two study groups regarding demographic and clinical characteristics and examined time trends in the incidence of MV and in-hospital mortality.

Epidemiology and Trends of Sepsis in Young Adults Aged 20-44 Years: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Background: While sepsis may have especially marked impacts in young adults, there is limited population-based information on its epidemiology and trends.

Methods: Population-based longitudinal study on sepsis in adults aged 20-44 years using the 2006-2015 Spanish national hospital discharge database. Cases are identified by an ICD-9-CM coding strategy.