Embracing Professionalism to Cultivate Vaccine Positivity and Reduce Vaccine Hesitancy.

Fueled by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy has become more pronounced and challenging given the increased distrust of science, pervasiveness of misinformation, and polarization of ideas. As such, pediatric providers are increasingly on the frontline of vaccine conversations with their patients, families, colleagues, and communities. To respond effectively to vaccine hesitancy, providers should employ professionalism in all aspects of their practice, including commitment to learning and growth, cultural awareness and humility, ethical responsibility to self and others, oral communication, reliability and dependability, teamwork, critical thinking and quantitative reasoning, and the engagement in public discourse around vaccines.

Clinical Use of Mental Health Digital Therapeutics in a Large Health Care Delivery System: Retrospective Patient Cohort Study and Provider Survey.

Background: While the number of digital therapeutics (DTx) has proliferated, there is little real-world research on the characteristics of providers recommending DTx, their recommendation behaviors, or the characteristics of patients receiving recommendations in the clinical setting.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients receiving DTx recommendations and describe provider characteristics and behaviors regarding DTx.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data from a large, integrated health care delivery system.

Video and phone visit use differed by language preference among U.S. Latino and Chinese adults during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional electronic health record study.

Background: During the first nine months of the COVID-19 emergency, patients were encouraged to use virtual versus clinic visits if in-person care was not deemed necessary by clinical staff. This study examined the association of spoken language preference and ethnicity with use of video versus phone virtual visits by US Latino and Chinese adult patients who got care in the same healthcare system.

Methods: We analyzed electronic health record data for four groups of adults aged 26-85y who had ≥ 1 primary or specialty care outpatient clinician visits during April-December 2020: 80,869 Latino adults preferring Spanish (LEP Latino); 214,765 Latino adults preferring English (non-LEP Latino); 23,430 Chinese adults preferring a Chinese dialect (LEP Chinese); and 49,710 Chinese adults preferring English (non-LEP Chinese).

Association of Standardized Radiology Reporting and Management of Abdominal CT and MRI With Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer.

Background & Aims: Follow-up of abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings suspicious for pancreatic cancer may be delayed if documentation is unclear. We evaluated whether standardized reporting and follow-up of imaging results reduced time to diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Methods: We used a quasi-experimental stepped-wedge cluster design to evaluate the effectiveness of newly implemented radiology reporting system.

Clinical Outcomes Following Regionalization of Gastric Cancer Care in a US Integrated Health Care System.

Purpose: In 2016, Kaiser Permanente Northern California regionalized gastric cancer care, introducing a regional comprehensive multidisciplinary care team, standardizing staging and chemotherapy, and implementing laparoscopic gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy for patients eligible for curative-intent surgery. This study evaluated the effect of regionalization on outcomes.

Methods: The retrospective cohort study included gastric cancer cases diagnosed from January 2010 to May 2018.

Author Correction: Efficient production of male Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes enables large-scale suppression of wild populations.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Efficient production of male Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes enables large-scale suppression of wild populations.

The range of the mosquito Aedes aegypti continues to expand, putting more than two billion people at risk of arboviral infection. The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used to successfully combat agricultural pests at large scale, but not mosquitoes, mainly because of challenges with consistent production and distribution of high-quality male mosquitoes. We describe automated processes to rear and release millions of competitive, sterile male Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, and use of these males in a large-scale suppression trial in Fresno County, California.

Polymorphism analyses and protein modelling inform on functional specialization of Piwi clade genes in the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus.

Current knowledge of the piRNA pathway is based mainly on studies on Drosophila melanogaster where three proteins of the Piwi subclade of the Argonaute family interact with PIWI-interacting RNAs to silence transposable elements in gonadal tissues. In mosquito species that transmit epidemic arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya viruses, Piwi clade genes underwent expansion, are also expressed in the soma and cross-talk with proteins of recognized antiviral function cannot be excluded for some Piwi proteins. These observations underscore the importance of expanding our knowledge of the piRNA pathway beyond the model organism D.

Aggregation of Asian-American subgroups masks meaningful differences in health and health risks among Asian ethnicities: an electronic health record based cohort study.

Background: Few large cohort studies have examined the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease (CAD), obesity, and smoking among middle-aged and older adults in the major Asian-American ethnic groups and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (PIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate how prevalence of these conditions and risk factors differs across Asian-American and PI ethnic groups and compares with an aggregated All Asian-American racial group.

Methods: This study used a cohort of 1.

The Kaiser Permanente Northern California Adult Member Health Survey.

Introduction: The Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Member Health Survey (MHS) is used to describe sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of the adult membership of this large, integrated health care delivery system to monitor trends over time, identify health disparities, and conduct research.

Objective: To provide an overview of the KPNC MHS and share findings that illustrate how survey statistics and data have been and can be used for research and programmatic purposes.

Methods: The MHS is a large-scale, institutional review board-approved survey of English-speaking KPNC adult members.

Redox, mutagenic and structural studies of the glutaredoxin/arsenate reductase couple from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

The arsenate reductase from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has been characterized in terms of the redox properties of its cysteine residues and their role in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. Of the five cysteines present in the enzyme, two (Cys13 and Cys35) have been shown not to be required for catalysis, while Cys8, Cys80 and Cys82 have been shown to be essential.

Tuning the adhesion of layer-by-layer films to the physicochemical properties of inner limiting membranes using nanoparticles.

Retinal trauma is a serious concern for patients undergoing inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling to correct for various vitreoretinal interface conditions. This mechanical trauma can be prevented by modifying the surface of surgical instruments to increase adhesion to the ILM. To this effect, we have studied the effects of roughness and surface charge on the adhesive properties of ILMs by utilizing layer-by-layer (LbL) films with embedded gold nanoparticles (LbL-AuNP films).

FTY720 shows promising in vitro and in vivo preclinical activity by downmodulating Cyclin D1 and phospho-Akt in mantle cell lymphoma.

Purpose: Despite the progress that has been made in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), all patients invariably relapse with the currently available therapies. Because of the absence of curative therapy for MCL, we explored FTY720 as a novel agent against MCL.

Experimental Design: The cytotoxic effect of FTY720 in primary MCL tumor cells and cell lines were evaluated in vitro.

Race/ethnicity and validity of self-reported pneumococcal vaccination.

Background: National and state surveys show large disparities in pneumococcal vaccination status among Whites, Blacks and Latinos aged >/= 65. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is any difference in the validity of self-report for pneumococcal vaccination by race/ethnicity that might contribute to the substantial disparities observed in population-level coverage estimates.

Methods: Self-reported vaccination status was compared with medical record documentation for samples of White, Black, and Latino members of a large health plan to examine whether differences in validity of self-report contribute to observed disparities.

Failed adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-specific T cells: reversal with low-dose interleukin 15 but not low-dose interleukin 2.

Adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-specific T cells has emerged as a valid approach for prevention or treatment of diseases, such as melanoma and EBV-associated lymphoma. As interleukin (IL) 15 promotes survival of CD8(+) memory CTLs, we hypothesized that it could be used to enhance antitumor immunity in vivo through the maintenance of adoptively transferred memory CTL. To test this, we treated mice bearing P1A(+) tumors with adoptively transferred T cells possessing a transgenic Valpha8(+) T-cell receptor specific for the P1A tumor antigen (called P1CTL).

Use of complementary and alternative medicine by the adult membership of a large northern California health maintenance organization, 1999.

Data from general health surveys completed by random samples of adult members of a large Northern California health maintenance organization in 1996 and 1999 were used to investigate (a) the prevalence of use of 15 complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities by adult members in 1999, (b) how prevalence varied by age group and gender, and (c) which modalities were increasing in popularity. While Northern California is not representative of the nation as a whole, it tends to be a harbinger of trends to come. The most widely used modalities in 1999 were herbal and other nonvitamin/nonmineral nutritional supplements, prayer/spiritual healing done by oneself, chiropractic, massage therapy, and mind-body medicine modalities.