One drug to treat many diseases: unlocking the economic trap of rare diseases.

There are two major problems with the development of therapies for rare diseases. First, among over 7000 such diseases, the vast majority are caused by genetic defects and/or include neurodegeneration, making them very difficult to treat. Second, drugs for rare diseases, so-called orphan drugs, are extremely expensive, as only a small number of patients are interested in purchasing them.

Acyclovir inhibits Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 multiplication in vitro.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), is an aetiological agent of a virulent and lethal disease in common and koi carp. In this study, we examined in vitro the anti-CyHV-3 activity of acyclovir (ACV), nucleoside analogue commonly used against human herpesviruses, as well as acyclovir monophospate (ACV-MP). The cytotoxicity of the ACV and the ACV-MP for two common carp cell lines, CCB (Common carp brain) and KF1 (Koi carp fin 1), was determined by means of MTT and crystal violet assays.

Hematological Alterations as a Response to Exposure to Selected Fungicides in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

The aim of the present study was to assess the hematological response of common carp to fungicides and to determine recovery patterns in fungicide-free water. Fish were exposed to mancozeb, prochloraz or tebuconazole (at concentrations of 1.0, 1.

[Advantages and disadvantages of microbiological methods used in the diagnosis of Mycoplasmapneumoniae infections in selected clinical situation].

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults. Correct and rapid laboratory diagnosis of M pneumoniae infections is important to introduce appropriate antibiotic treatment. Diagnosis for M.

[Etiology of bacterial infections and incidence of comorbidities in patients with tuberculosis, treated in Mazovian Treatment Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases during years 2012-2014].

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection occurs mostly via inhalation, while the immune system is weakened. TB can take a pulmonary or extrapulmonary form.

Reactions of N(3) -substituted amidrazones with cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride and biological activities of the products.

A series of novel compounds were synthesized in reactions of N(3) -substituted amidrazones with cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride: linear, isoindole, and triazole derivatives. All new structures were confirmed by H(1) NMR and IR spectrometry as well as elemental analysis. Potential biological effects of new compounds were predicted with the Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) program.

[The role of cytokines in depression].

Clinical and experimental studies on animals indicate that depression is associated with increased plasma cytokine acute phase protein concentrations and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activation. Additionally it has been detected that immunological activation induces stress-like behavioural and neurochemical changes in organisms of animals and humans. Hypersecretion of cytokines in response to stress or to endogenous trigger factors may induce depressive symptoms.

Changes in serum concentrations and in cytokine production by blood cell cultures of a patient with major depression--case report.

The aim of the paper was to compare the periodical changes in serum cytokine levels and in cytokine production in short-term blood lymphocyte cultures of two persons: the patient with major depression and healthy control. In sera of both persons such cytokines as IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma and IL-6 were detected, but IL-6 level in serum of depressed patient was higher than that observed in healthy control. In both persons examined serum cytokine level changed periodically during 9 days of observation showing rhythmic waves.

Serum cytokine level and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by blood neutrophils from a schizophrenic patient with hypersensitivity to neuroleptics.

Background: There have been few publications concerning the role of the immune system in neuroleptic intolerance. Some studies have shown that in neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) increases significantly, which is thought to trigger the onset of DIC.

Case Report: A 23-year-old woman suffering from catatonic schizophrenia developed hypersensitivity to neuroleptics.