Primary central nervous system vasculitis with intracranial aneurysm.

Background: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are rarely reported in primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV). In this study we described the clinical findings, response to therapy, and outcomes of UIA in a large cohort of PCNSV patients.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 216 consecutive patients with PCNSV, selected by predetermined diagnostic criteria, who were seen during a 40-year period.

Long-term remission, relapses and maintenance therapy in adult primary central nervous system vasculitis: A single-center 35-year experience.

Objectives: To evaluate long-term treatment and outcomes of patients with primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV).

Methods: In this cohort of 191 consecutive patients with PCNSV seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, over 35 years with long-term follow-up we analyzed response to and duration of therapy, frequency of relapses, long-term remission, efficacy of maintenance therapy and initial intravenous glucocorticoid (GC) pulses, survival and degree of disability. We also compared the efficacy of initial IV and oral cyclophosphamide (CYC).

Rituximab therapy for primary central nervous system vasculitis: A 6 patient experience and review of the literature.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of Rituximab (RTX) in adult primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV).

Methods: We retrospectively assessed the effect of RTX in 6 patients with PCNSV. Five of the 6 were refractory to high dose glucocorticoids (GCs) and/or conventional immunosuppressants (IS).

Primary central nervous system vasculitis mimicking brain tumor: Comprehensive analysis of 13 cases from a single institutional cohort of 191 cases.

Objective: To describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features and course of patients with primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV) presenting with an intracranial tumor-like mass (TLM).

Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of 191 consecutive patients with PCNSV seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN over a 35-year period (1982-2017). 13/191 patients presented with a TLM.

Primary central nervous system vasculitis associated with lymphoma.

Objectives: To record the clinical findings, response to therapy, and course of patients with primary CNS vasculitis (PCNSV) associated with lymphoma.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the histories of 936 patients with a diagnosis of any type of vasculitis and lymphoma who were seen at the Mayo Clinic over a 32-year period. Ten patients with both PCNSV and lymphoma were identified.

Association Between Mentally Stimulating Activities in Late Life and the Outcome of Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment, With an Analysis of the APOE ε4 Genotype.

Importance: Cross-sectional associations between engagement in mentally stimulating activities and decreased odds of having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer disease have been reported. However, little is known about the longitudinal outcome of incident MCI as predicted by late-life (aged ≥70 years) mentally stimulating activities.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis of an association between mentally stimulating activities in late life and the risk of incident MCI and to evaluate the influence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype.

Timing of Physical Activity, Apolipoprotein E ε4 Genotype, and Risk of Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objectives: To investigate the timing (mid- vs late life) of physical activity, apolipoprotein (APO)E ε4, and risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (Olmsted County, MN).

Frailty and Mortality Outcomes in Cognitively Normal Older People: Sex Differences in a Population-Based Study.

Objectives: To characterize frailty in cognitively normal older adults at baseline and to investigate the relationship between frailty and mortality.

Design: Population-based prospective cohort study: Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.

Setting: Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Association Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia.

Importance: To increase the opportunity to delay or prevent mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia, markers of early detection are essential. Olfactory impairment may be an important clinical marker and predictor of these conditions and may help identify persons at increased risk.

Objective: To examine associations of impaired olfaction with incident MCI subtypes and progression from MCI subtypes to AD dementia.

Diabetes is Associated with Worse Executive Function in Both Eastern and Western Populations: Shanghai Aging Study and Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.

Background And Objectives: It remains unknown whether the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and cognitive function differs in Eastern and Western populations. This study aimed to elucidate whether DM is associated with worse cognitive performance in both populations.

Methods: The Shanghai Aging Study (SAS) and the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) are two population-based studies with similar design and methodology in Shanghai, China and Rochester, MN, USA.

Mycophenolate mofetil in primary central nervous system vasculitis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in adult primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV).

Methods: We studied a cohort of 163 patients with PCNSV who were seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1983 to 2011. We compared patients treated with MMF and those receiving other therapies.

Adult primary central nervous system vasculitis treatment and course: analysis of one hundred sixty-three patients.

Objective: To describe the treatment and outcomes of patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis.

Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of 163 consecutive patients with primary CNS vasculitis who were seen at the Mayo Clinic over a 29-year period. We analyzed treatments, treatment responses, and factors predictive of outcomes.

Short and long telomeres increase risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Peripheral blood telomere length has been associated with age-related conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This suggests that telomere length may identify subjects at increased risk of AD. Thus, we investigated the associations of peripheral blood telomere length with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a putative precursor of AD, among Mayo Clinic Study of Aging participants who were prospectively followed for incident aMCI.

Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms and the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study.

Objective: The authors conducted a prospective cohort study to estimate the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment in cognitively normal elderly (aged ≥70 years) individuals with or without neuropsychiatric symptoms at baseline. The research was conducted in the setting of the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.

Method: A classification of normal cognitive aging, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia was adjudicated by an expert consensus panel based on published criteria.

Long-term natural history of incidentally discovered cavernous malformations in a single-center cohort.

Object: The aim of this study was to determine the prospective hemorrhage rate in a group of retrospectively identified patients in whom symptoms had an unclear relationship to an intracerebral cavernous malformation (ICM) or the malformation itself was an incidental finding.

Methods: Patients with incidentally discovered ICMs diagnosed between 1989 and 1999 were identified from a previously published cohort. Those with ICMs having an unclear relationship with existing symptoms were also eligible for analysis.

Higher risk of progression to dementia in mild cognitive impairment cases who revert to normal.

Objective: To estimate rates of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia and of reversion from MCI to being cognitively normal (CN) in a population-based cohort.

Methods: Participants (n = 534, aged 70 years and older) enrolled in the prospective Mayo Clinic Study of Aging were evaluated at baseline and every 15 months to identify incident MCI or dementia.

Results: Over a median follow-up of 5.

Subtle gait changes in patients with REM sleep behavior disorder.

Many people with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) have an underlying synucleinopathy, the most common of which is Lewy body disease. Identifying additional abnormal clinical features may help in identifying those at greater risk of evolving to a more severe syndrome. Because gait disorders are common in the synucleinopathies, early abnormalities in gait in those with RBD could help in identifying those at increased risk of developing overt parkinsonism and/or cognitive impairment.

Bleeding complications associated with warfarin treatment in ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Bleeding events are the major obstacle to the widespread use of warfarin for secondary stroke prevention. Previous studies have not examined the use of risk stratification scores to estimate lifetime bleeding risk associated with warfarin treatment in a population-based setting. The purpose of this study is to determine the lifetime risk of bleeding events in ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing warfarin treatment in a population-based cohort and to evaluate the use of bleeding risk scores to identify patients at high risk for lifetime bleeding events.

Use of antithrombotic agents in patients with intracerebral cavernous malformations.

Object: The goal of this study was to determine the risk of using antithrombotic agents in patients with established intracerebral cavernous malformations (ICMs).

Methods: From a previously described cohort of 292 patients with radiographically defined ICMs, 40 required an antithrombotic after the ICM was diagnosed. Patients underwent follow-up to determine the incidence of hemorrhage.

Computer activities, physical exercise, aging, and mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study.

Objective: To examine the association between computer use, physical exercise, aging, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Patients And Methods: The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging is a population-based study of aging and MCI in Olmsted County, Minnesota. The study sample consists of a random sample of 926 nondemented individuals aged 70 to 93 years who completed self-reported questionnaires on physical exercise, computer use, and caloric intake within 1 year of the date of interview.

Probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder increases risk for mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson disease: a population-based study.

Objective: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is associated with neurodegenerative disease and particularly with the synucleinopathies. Convenience samples involving subjects with idiopathic RBD have suggested an increased risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia (usually dementia with Lewy bodies), and Parkinson disease (PD). There are no data on such risks in a population-based sample.

Primary central nervous system vasculitis presenting with intracranial hemorrhage.

Objective: To describe a subset of cases in a large retrospectively identified cohort of patients with primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV) who present with intracranial hemorrhage.

Methods: The study consisted of a cohort of 131 consecutive patients with PCNSV who were seen at the Mayo Clinic over a 25-year period from 1983 to 2007. The diagnosis of PCNSV was based on findings of brain or spinal cord biopsy, cerebral angiography, or both.

Engaging in cognitive activities, aging, and mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study.

The authors investigated whether engaging in cognitive activities is associated with aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a cross-sectional study derived from an ongoing population-based study of normal cognitive aging and MCI in Olmsted County, MN. A random sample of 1,321 study participants ages 70 to 89 (N=1,124 cognitively normal persons, and N=197 subjects with MCI) were interviewed about the frequency of cognitive activities carried out in late life (within 1 year of the date of interview). Computer activities; craft activities, such as knitting, quilting, etc.