Glutathione overproduction mediates lymphoma initiating cells survival and has a sex-dependent effect on lymphomagenesis.

Lymphoid tumor patients often exhibit resistance to standard therapies or experience relapse post-remission. Relapse is driven by Tumor Initiating Cells (TICs), a subset of tumor cells capable of regrowing the tumor and highly resistant to therapy. Growing cells in 3D gels is a method to discern tumorigenic cells because it strongly correlates with tumorigenicity.

Refining the phenotype of SINO syndrome: A comprehensive cohort report of 14 novel cases.

Purpose: Spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, nystagmus, and obesity syndrome (SINO) is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by heterozygous variants in KIDINS220. A total of 12 individuals are reported, comprising 8 with SINO and 4 with an autosomal recessive condition attributed to biallelic KIDINS220 variants.

Methods: In our international cohort, we have included 14 individuals, carrying 13 novel pathogenic KIDINS220 variants in heterozygous form.

Protein kinase D activity is a risk biomarker in prostate cancer that drives cell invasion by a Snail/ERK dependent mechanism.

Protein kinase D (PKD) family members play controversial roles in prostate cancer (PC). Thus, PKD1 is nearly absent in advanced tumours, where PKD2 and PKD3 are upregulated. Additionally, consequences of activation of these kinases on PC progression remain largely unclear.

Kidins220 sets the threshold for survival of neural stem cells and progenitors to sustain adult neurogenesis.

In the adult mammalian brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) located in highly restricted niches sustain the generation of new neurons that integrate into existing circuits. A reduction in adult neurogenesis is linked to ageing and neurodegeneration, whereas dysregulation of proliferation and survival of NSCs have been hypothesized to be at the origin of glioma. Thus, unravelling the molecular underpinnings of the regulated activation that NSCs must undergo to proliferate and generate new progeny is of considerable relevance.

Wake-like skin patterning and neural activity during octopus sleep.

While sleeping, many vertebrate groups alternate between at least two sleep stages: rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep, in part characterized by wake-like and synchronous brain activity, respectively. Here we delineate neural and behavioural correlates of two stages of sleep in octopuses, marine invertebrates that evolutionarily diverged from vertebrates roughly 550 million years ago (ref. ) and have independently evolved large brains and behavioural sophistication.

PKD phosphorylation and COP9/Signalosome modulate intracellular Spry2 protein stability.

Spry2 is a molecular modulator of tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathways that has cancer-type-specific effects. Mammalian Spry2 protein undergoes tyrosine and serine phosphorylation in response to growth factor stimulation. Spry2 expression is distinctly altered in various cancer types.

Generation of Periventricular Reactive Astrocytes Overexpressing Aquaporin 4 Is Stimulated by Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy.

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) plays a crucial role in brain water circulation and is considered a therapeutic target in hydrocephalus. Congenital hydrocephalus is associated with a reaction of astrocytes in the periventricular white matter both in experimental models and human cases. A previous report showed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplanted into the lateral ventricles of hyh mice exhibiting severe congenital hydrocephalus are attracted by the periventricular astrocyte reaction, and the cerebral tissue displays recovery.

Insulin regulates neurovascular coupling through astrocytes.

Mice with insulin receptor (IR)-deficient astrocytes (GFAP-IR knockout [KO] mice) show blunted responses to insulin and reduced brain glucose uptake, whereas IR-deficient astrocytes show disturbed mitochondrial responses to glucose. While exploring the functional impact of disturbed mitochondrial function in astrocytes, we observed that GFAP-IR KO mice show uncoupling of brain blood flow with glucose uptake. Since IR-deficient astrocytes show higher levels of reactive oxidant species (ROS), this leads to stimulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and, consequently, of the vascular endothelial growth factor angiogenic pathway.

Squid adjust their body color according to substrate.

Coleoid cephalopods camouflage on timescales of seconds to match their visual surroundings. To date, studies of cephalopod camouflage-to-substrate have been focused primarily on benthic cuttlefish and octopus, because they are readily found sitting on the substrate. In contrast to benthic cephalopods, oval squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana species complex) are semi-pelagic animals that spend most of their time in the water column.

Comparing the dietary niche overlap and ecomorphological differences between invasive geckos and a native gecko competitor.

is one of the most successful, widespread invasive reptile species and has become ubiquitous across tropical urban settings in the Western Hemisphere. Its ability to thrive in close proximity to humans has been linked to the rapid disappearance of native geckos. However, aspects of natural history and ecomorphology, often assumed to be linked with this effect on native populations, remain understudied or untested.

Reevaluating claims of ecological speciation in .

Allopatry has traditionally been viewed as the primary driver of speciation in marine taxa, but the geography of the marine environment and the larval dispersal capabilities of many marine organisms render this view somewhat questionable. In marine fishes, one of the earliest and most highly cited empirical examples of ecological speciation with gene flow is the slippery dick wrasse, . Evidence for this cryptic or incipient speciation event was primarily in the form of a deep divergence in a single mitochondrial locus between the northern and southern Gulf of Mexico, combined with a finding that these two haplotypes were associated with different habitat types ("tropical" vs.

Kidins220 deficiency causes ventriculomegaly via SNX27-retromer-dependent AQP4 degradation.

Several psychiatric, neurologic and neurodegenerative disorders present increased brain ventricles volume, being hydrocephalus the disease with the major manifestation of ventriculomegaly caused by the accumulation of high amounts of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The molecules and pathomechanisms underlying cerebral ventricular enlargement are widely unknown. Kinase D interacting substrate of 220 kDa (KIDINS220) gene has been recently associated with schizophrenia and with a novel syndrome characterized by spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, nystagmus and obesity (SINO syndrome), diseases frequently occurring with ventriculomegaly.

Are Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Emotional Eating, Alcohol Intake, and Anxiety Related in University Students in Spain?

Research has suggested that university students are at risk from certain unhealthy habits, such as poor diet or alcohol abuse. At the same time, anxiety levels appear to be higher among university students, which may lead to high levels of emotional eating. The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD), emotional eating, alcohol intake, and anxiety among Spanish university students, and the interrelationship of these variables.

Excitotoxic targeting of Kidins220 to the Golgi apparatus precedes calpain cleavage of Rap1-activation complexes.

Excitotoxic neuronal death induced by high concentrations of glutamate is a pathological event common to multiple acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Excitotoxicity is mediated through overactivation of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate type of ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDARs). Physiological stimulation of NMDARs triggers their endocytosis from the neuronal surface, inducing synaptic activity and survival.

CDCA7 finely tunes cytoskeleton dynamics to promote lymphoma migration and invasion.

Metastases, the major cause of death from cancer, require cells' acquisition of the ability to migrate and involve multiple steps, including local tumor cell invasion and basement membrane penetration. Certain lymphoid tumors are highly metastatic, but the mechanisms of invasion by lymphoma cells are poorly understood. We recently showed that CDCA7, a protein induced by MYC, is overexpressed in lymphoid tumors and that its knockdown decreases lymphoid tumor growth without inhibiting the proliferation of normal cells.

Effects of Thioflavin T and GSK-3 Inhibition on Lifespan and Motility in a Model of Tauopathy.

The nematode is a powerful model organism to study lifespan and aging, protein aggregation, and neurodegeneration, as well as to carry out drug screenings. The strain /T337 expresses human pathogenic V337M mutant tau under a pan-neuronal promoter and presents uncoordinated locomotion, accumulation of phosphorylated insoluble tau, and shortened lifespan. Herein we have used this strain to assay two compounds that could affect tau aggregation and/or phosphorylation, and looked for phenotypic changes in their lifespan and motility.

Cyclic nature of the REM sleep-like state in the cuttlefish .

Sleep is a state of immobility characterized by three key criteria: an increased threshold of arousal, rapid reversal to an alert state and evidence of homeostatic 'rebound sleep' in which there is an increase in the time spent in this quiescent state following sleep deprivation. Common European cuttlefish, , show states of quiescence during which they meet the last two of these three criteria, yet also show spontaneous bursts of arm and eye movements that accompany rapid changes in chromatophore patterns in the skin. Here, we report that this rapid eye movement sleep-like (REMS-like) state is cyclic in nature.

CDCA7 is a critical mediator of lymphomagenesis that selectively regulates anchorage-independent growth.

Tumor formation involves the acquisition of numerous capacities along the progression from a normal cell into a malignant cell, including limitless proliferation (immortalization) and anchorage-independent growth, a capacity that correlates extremely well with tumorigenesis. Great efforts have been made to uncover genes involved in tumor formation, but most genes identified participate in processes related to cell proliferation. Accordingly, therapies targeting these genes also affect the proliferation of normal cells.

Eyes Wide Shut: the impact of dim-light vision on neural investment in marine teleosts.

Understanding how organismal design evolves in response to environmental challenges is a central goal of evolutionary biology. In particular, assessing the extent to which environmental requirements drive general design features among distantly related groups is a major research question. The visual system is a critical sensory apparatus that evolves in response to changing light regimes.

Testing ontogenetic patterns of sexual size dimorphism against expectations of the expensive tissue hypothesis, an intraspecific example using oyster toadfish ().

Trade-offs associated with sexual size dimorphism (SSD) are well documented across the Tree of Life. However, studies of SSD often do not consider potential investment trade-offs between metabolically expensive structures under sexual selection and other morphological modules. Based on the expectations of the expensive tissue hypothesis, investment in one metabolically expensive structure should come at the direct cost of investment in another.

Author Correction: Excitotoxic inactivation of constitutive oxidative stress detoxification pathway in neurons can be rescued by PKD1.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Álvaro Sebastián-Serrano, which was incorrectly given as Álvaro Sebastián Serrano. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.