First records of the roughskin dogfish Centroscymnus owstonii in the greater Antilles, central Caribbean Sea, Western Atlantic Ocean.

The roughskin dogfish Centroscymnus owstonii, a deep-sea shark, has a patchy global distribution, with most knowledge stemming from incidentally captured specimens. Using a deep-sea remote lander video system, we observed multiple C. owstonii individuals alive on the footage at 1054 m off Little Cayman, Cayman Islands, Western Atlantic Ocean, marking, to our knowledge, the first record of the species in the Greater Antilles, central Caribbean Sea, while also adding a new species locality record for the Cayman Islands.

How to formulate hypotheses and IATAs to support grouping and read-across of nanoforms.

Manufacturing and functionalizing materials at the nanoscale has led to the generation of a whole array of nanoforms (NFs) of substances varying in size, morphology, and surface characteristics. Due to financial, time, and ethical considerations, testing every unique NF for adverse effects is virtually impossible. Use of hypothesis-driven grouping and read-across approaches, as supported by the GRACIOUS Framework, represents a promising alternative to case-by-case testing that will make the risk assessment process more efficient.

An Integrated Testing Strategy for Ecotoxicity (ITS-ECO) Assessment in the Marine Environmental Compartment using Mytilus spp.: A Case Study using Pristine and Coated CuO and TiO Nanomaterials.

An integrated testing strategy for ecotoxicity assessment (ITS-ECO) was developed to aid in the hazard and fate assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) deposited in marine environments using the bivalve Mytilus spp. as a test species. The ENMs copper(II) oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO ), either in pristine form (core) or with functionalized coatings (polyethylene glycol [PEG], carboxyl [COOH], and ammonia [NH ]) were selected as case study materials based on their production levels and use.

Acute waterborne and chronic sediment toxicity of silver and titanium dioxide nanomaterials towards the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus.

The use of silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO) nanomaterials (NMs) in industrial processes and consumer products has experienced considerable growth since the late 20th century. Throughout their lifecycle, both Ag NM and TiONM are released into the environment, with benthic systems anticipated to be the final sink. Their potential toxicity towards benthic species is therefore of major concern.

Risk Management Framework for Nano-Biomaterials Used in Medical Devices and Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products.

The convergence of nanotechnology and biotechnology has led to substantial advancements in nano-biomaterials (NBMs) used in medical devices (MD) and advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP). However, there are concerns that applications of NBMs for medical diagnostics, therapeutics and regenerative medicine could also pose health and/or environmental risks since the current understanding of their safety is incomplete. A scientific strategy is therefore needed to assess all risks emerging along the life cycles of these products.

Exposure to Pb-halide perovskite nanoparticles can deliver bioavailable Pb but does not alter endogenous gut microbiota in zebrafish.

Lead-halide perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) are a new technology, and investigation of toxicity is of considerable importance due to the potential lead (Pb) release into the environment. The aim of the study was to investigate aqueous and dietary toxicity of Pb-halide perovskite NP and Pb in zebrafish Danio rerio. Perovskite NP toxicity was evaluated in zebrafish by mortality, gene expression, histopathology, and phylogenetic analysis of gut microbiota.

Importance of Surface Coating to Accumulation Dynamics and Acute Toxicity of Copper Nanomaterials and Dissolved Copper in Daphnia magna.

We evaluated the effect of copper oxide nanomaterials (CuO NMs), uncoated and with 3 different surface coatings (carboxylated, pegylated, and ammonia groups), on acute toxicity and accumulation dynamics in Daphnia magna. With the use of biodynamic modelling, biosorption and elimination rate constants were determined for D. magna following waterborne exposure to dissolved Cu and CuO NMs.

The influence of organic modification on the cytotoxicity of clay particles to keratinocytes, hepatocytes and macrophages; an investigation towards the safe use of polymer-clay nanocomposite packaging.

Organically modified clays can be used as nanofillers in polymer-clay nanocomposites to create bio-based packaging with improved strength and barrier properties. The impact of organic modification on the physico-chemical properties and toxicity of clays has yet to be fully investigated but is essential to ensure their safe use. Two organoclays, named N116_HDTA and N116_TMSA, were prepared using a commercially available sodium bentonite clay and the organic modifiers hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTA) and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (TMSA).

Differences in Engineered Nanoparticle Surface Physicochemistry Revealed by Investigation of Changes in Copper Bioavailability During Sorption to Nanoparticles in the Aqueous Phase.

Sorption of chemical substances to nanoparticles (NPs) in the aqueous phase strongly influences NP physicochemisty, and investigations of these complex interactions can provide important insights into the environmental fate of NPs. The objective of the present study was to use differences in copper (Cu) bioavailability to investigate aqueous-phase sorption with NPs that had different physicochemical characteristics (silicon [Si], perovskite, and titanium dioxide NPs [TiO NPs]). Sorption of Cu with NPs was assessed by the presence of adsorbent in water and onto the NP surface after ultracentrifugation, and by changes in Cu bioavailability under static conditions during exposure of larval zebrafish, as well as under conditions of continuous agitation during exposure of the alga Chlorella vulgaris.

Toward sustainable environmental quality: Priority research questions for Europe.

The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals have been established to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. Delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals will require a healthy and productive environment. An understanding of the impacts of chemicals which can negatively impact environmental health is therefore essential to the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals.

The Essential Elements of a Risk Governance Framework for Current and Future Nanotechnologies.

Societies worldwide are investing considerable resources into the safe development and use of nanomaterials. Although each of these protective efforts is crucial for governing the risks of nanomaterials, they are insufficient in isolation. What is missing is a more integrative governance approach that goes beyond legislation.

Adoption of in vitro systems and zebrafish embryos as alternative models for reducing rodent use in assessments of immunological and oxidative stress responses to nanomaterials.

Assessing the safety of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) is paramount to the responsible and sustainable development of nanotechnology, which provides huge societal benefits. Currently, there is no evidence that engineered NMs cause detrimental health effects in humans. However, investigation of NM toxicity using in vivo, in vitro, in chemico, and in silico models has demonstrated that some NMs stimulate oxidative stress and inflammation, which may lead to adverse health effects.

Surfactants from itaconic acid: Toxicity to HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro, micellar solubilization, and skin permeation enhancement of hydrocortisone.

One of the most widely used approaches for improving drug permeation across the stratum corneum barrier of the skin is the use of chemical penetration enhancers, such as surfactants. In this study, two anionic surfactants, named C12-OPK and C18-OPK, were synthesized via condensation of itaconic acid and fatty amines, with C12 and C18 alkyl chains, respectively. Assessment of impacts on HaCaT keratinocyte cell viability was used as indicator of their potential to cause skin irritation 24h post exposure (Alamar Blue assay).

Toxicity Testing of Pristine and Aged Silver Nanoparticles in Real Wastewaters Using Bioluminescent .

Impact of aging on nanoparticle toxicity in real matrices is scarcely investigated due to a lack of suitable methodologies. Herein, the toxicity of pristine and aged silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to a bioluminescent bioreporter was measured in spiked crude and final wastewater samples (CWs and FWs, respectively) collected from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Results showed lower toxicity of pristine Ag NPs in CWs than in FWs.

Regulatory ecotoxicity testing of nanomaterials - proposed modifications of OECD test guidelines based on laboratory experience with silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Regulatory ecotoxicity testing of chemicals is of societal importance and a large effort is undertaken at the OECD to ensure that OECD test guidelines (TGs) for nanomaterials (NMs) are available. Significant progress to support the adaptation of selected TGs to NMs was achieved in the context of the project MARINA ( http://www.marina-fp7.

Considerations of Environmentally Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials.

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly entering the environment with uncertain consequences including potential ecological effects. Various research communities view differently whether ecotoxicological testing of ENMs should be conducted using environmentally relevant concentrations-where observing outcomes is difficult-versus higher ENM doses, where responses are observable. What exposure conditions are typically used in assessing ENM hazards to populations? What conditions are used to test ecosystem-scale hazards? What is known regarding actual ENMs in the environment, via measurements or modeling simulations? How should exposure conditions, ENM transformation, dose, and body burden be used in interpreting biological and computational findings for assessing risks? These questions were addressed in the context of this critical review.

Pseudomonas putida biofilm dynamics following a single pulse of silver nanoparticles.

Pseudomonas putida mono-species biofilms were exposed to silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in artificial wastewater (AW) under hydrodynamic conditions. Specifically, 48 h old biofilms received a single pulse of Ag NPs at 0, 0.01, 0.

The MARINA Risk Assessment Strategy: A Flexible Strategy for Efficient Information Collection and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials.

An engineered nanomaterial (ENM) may actually consist of a population of primary particles, aggregates and agglomerates of various sizes. Furthermore, their physico-chemical characteristics may change during the various life-cycle stages. It will probably not be feasible to test all varieties of all ENMs for possible health and environmental risks.

Assessing the acute hazards of zinc oxide nanomaterials to Lumbriculus variegatus.

These studies were undertaken in order to propose and test new methods for the assessment of the acute hazard of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) to the sediment dwelling oligochaete worm Lumbriculus variegatus. In order to support the developing nanotechnology sector, comprehensive studies must be conducted to assess the toxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) using environmentally relevant organisms. An important part of such studies will entail characterising and understanding the physicochemical properties of these NMs.

Accumulation dynamics and acute toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Daphnia magna and Lumbriculus variegatus: implications for metal modeling approaches.

Frameworks commonly used in trace metal ecotoxicology (e.g., biotic ligand model (BLM) and tissue residue approach (TRA)) are based on the established link between uptake, accumulation and toxicity, but similar relationships remain unverified for metal-containing nanoparticles (NPs).

Silver, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticle ecotoxicity to bioluminescent Pseudomonas putida in laboratory medium and artificial wastewater.

Bacteria based ecotoxicology assessment of manufactured nanoparticles is largely restricted to Escherichia coli bioreporters in laboratory media. Here, toxicity effects of model OECD nanoparticles (Ag NM-300K, ZnO NM-110 and TiO2 NM-104) were assessed using the switch-off luminescent Pseudomonas putida BS566::luxCDABE bioreporter in Luria Bertani (LB) medium and artificial wastewater (AW). IC50 values ∼4 mg L(-1), 100 mg L(-1) and >200 mg L(-1) at 1 h were observed in LB for Ag NM-300K, ZnO NM-110 and TiO2 NM-104, respectively.

Nanopesticides: guiding principles for regulatory evaluation of environmental risks.

Nanopesticides or nano plant protection products represent an emerging technological development that, in relation to pesticide use, could offer a range of benefits including increased efficacy, durability, and a reduction in the amounts of active ingredients that need to be used. A number of formulation types have been suggested including emulsions (e.g.