Defining the ideal injection techniques when using 5-mm needles in children and adults.

Objective: We aimed to establish the ideal injection techniques using 5-mm needles to reliably inject insulin into the subcutaneous fat in both children and adults and to quantify the associated pain and leakage of the test medium.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 259 subjects (122 children/adolescents and 137 adults) were injected with sterile air corresponding to 20 IU insulin (200 microl) with 32-G 5-mm needles at 90 degrees or 45 degrees , in the abdomen and thigh, and with or without a pinched skin fold. Injection depth was assessed via ultrasonography.