Central diabetes insipidus and pain medications - a risky combination.

Background: Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) results from decreased production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leading to an inability to concentrate urine. CDI is treated with desmopressin (DDAVP). Rarely reported in the literature, opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) can induce hyponatremia in individuals treated for CDI.

Systolic and diastolic abnormalities reduce the cardiac response to exercise in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To better understand the cardiac limitations during exercise in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we measured left ventricular performance with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during exercise in diabetic and nondiabetic adolescents.

Research Design And Methods: Thirteen subjects with T2DM, 27 overweight/obese nondiabetic (ObeseND) subjects, and 19 nondiabetic nonobese control subjects were recruited. Cardiac (left ventricular) MRI scans were performed at rest and during submaximal exercise.

Effects of age, gender, BMI, and anatomical site on skin thickness in children and adults with diabetes.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and anatomical site on skin thickness in children and adults with diabetes.

Methods: We studied 103 otherwise healthy children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes aged 5-19 years, and 140 adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes aged 20-85 years. The thicknesses of both the dermis and subcutis were assessed using ultrasound with a linear array transducer, on abdominal and thigh skin.

Diastolic function is reduced in adolescents with type 1 diabetes in response to exercise.

Objective: To determine whether adolescents with type 1 diabetes have left ventricular functional changes at rest and during acute exercise and whether these changes are affected by metabolic control and diabetes duration.

Research Design And Methods: The study evaluated 53 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and 22 control adolescents. Baseline data included peak exercise capacity and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Defining the ideal injection techniques when using 5-mm needles in children and adults.

Objective: We aimed to establish the ideal injection techniques using 5-mm needles to reliably inject insulin into the subcutaneous fat in both children and adults and to quantify the associated pain and leakage of the test medium.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 259 subjects (122 children/adolescents and 137 adults) were injected with sterile air corresponding to 20 IU insulin (200 microl) with 32-G 5-mm needles at 90 degrees or 45 degrees , in the abdomen and thigh, and with or without a pinched skin fold. Injection depth was assessed via ultrasonography.