Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Genes and in Multidrug-Resistant Strains Isolated from a Healthy Pig in Portugal.

Antimicrobial resistance encoded by mobile colistin resistance () genes is a global and emergent threat. In this study, we report the occurrence of two different populations of colistin-resistant harboring and variants in the intestinal microbiome of a healthy pig. Following antimicrobial susceptibility determination, the presence of genes in two strains, isolated according to different selective microbiological procedures, was screened by PCR.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms to β-Lactams and Polymyxins of from Broilers Raised under Intensive and Extensive Production Systems.

The intensive and extensive broiler production systems imply different veterinary interventions, including the use of antimicrobials. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolated from both systems, characterize resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and polymyxins, and identify genetic elements such as integrons. isolates recovered from broiler cecal samples were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility through the broth microdilution technique.

Emergence of -Mediated Linezolid Resistance among Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant (LA-MRSA) from Healthy Pigs in Portugal.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) ST398 is mainly found in Europe and North America, colonizing the nasal cavity of pigs. This study characterized the MRSA isolates recovered from pig nasal swabs ( = 171) by evaluating the antimicrobial susceptibility profile by broth microdilution and characterizing the genetic lineages by -typing. Three linezolid-resistant isolates were subjected to Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS).

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolates from Cattle and Pigs in Portugal: Linezolid Resistance Genes and .

Enterococci are part of the commensal gut microbiota of mammals, with and being the most clinically relevant species. This study assesses the prevalence and diversity of enterococcal species in cattle ( = 201) and pig ( = 249) cecal samples collected in 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of ( = 48) and ( = 84) were assessed by agar and microdilution methods.

Prediction scenarios of past, present, and future environmental suitability for the Mediterranean species Arbutus unedo L.

Climate change is a challenge for forests in the coming decades, with a major impact on species adaptation and distribution. The Mediterranean Basin is one of the most vulnerable hotspots for biodiversity conservation under climate change in the world. This research aimed at studying a Mediterranean species well adapted to the region: the Arbutus unedo L.

Prevalence and Characterization of ESBL/AmpC Producing from Fresh Meat in Portugal.

The present study aimed to characterize the extended-spectrum β-lactamases and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (ESBL/PMAβ) among producers isolated from beef, pork, and poultry meat collected at retail, in Portugal. A total of 638 meat samples were collected and inoculated on selective medium for the search of resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular assays targeting ESBL/AmpC, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) encoding genes.

Whole Genome Sequencing Refines Knowledge on the Population Structure of from a Multi-Host Tuberculosis System.

Classical molecular analyses of based on spoligotyping and Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) brought the first insights into the epidemiology of animal tuberculosis (TB) in Portugal, showing high genotypic diversity of circulating strains that mostly cluster within the European 2 clonal complex. Previous surveillance provided valuable information on the prevalence and spatial occurrence of TB and highlighted prevalent genotypes in areas where livestock and wild ungulates are sympatric. However, links at the wildlife-livestock interfaces were established mainly via classical genotype associations.

Proposal of Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Apramycin 15 μg and Florfenicol 30 μg Disks Applicable to .

Apramycin and florfenicol are two antimicrobial agents exclusively used in veterinary medicine. Resistance determinants to these antimicrobial agents have been described in several staphylococci, yet no inhibition zone-based epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values are available to detect populations harboring resistance mechanisms. In this study, we propose disk diffusion inhibition zone ECOFF values of for apramycin and florfenicol.

Long-term molecular surveillance provides clues on a cattle origin for Mycobacterium bovis in Portugal.

Animal tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is maintained in Portugal in a multi-host system, with cattle, red deer and wild boar, playing a central role. However, the ecological processes driving transmission are not understood. The main aim of this study was thus to contribute to the reconstruction of the spatiotemporal history of animal TB and to refine knowledge on M.

The Gut Microbiota of the Egyptian Mongoose as an Early Warning Indicator of Ecosystem Health in Portugal.

The Egyptian mongoose is a carnivore mammal species that in the last decades experienced a tremendous expansion in Iberia, particularly in Portugal, mainly due to its remarkable ecological plasticity in response to land-use changes. However, this species may have a disruptive role on native communities in areas where it has recently arrived due to predation and the potential introduction of novel pathogens. We report reference information on the cultivable gut microbial landscape of widely distributed Egyptian mongoose populations (, = 53) and related antimicrobial tolerance across environmental gradients.

Polyclonal infection as a new scenario in Mycobacterium caprae epidemiology.

Portugal is one of the European Union countries with an ongoing eradication program for bovine tuberculosis (TB), which does not include systematic goat testing. However, surveillance in small ruminants is increasingly important, since goat and sheep can harbour Mycobacterium caprae and be an infection source to cattle with impact in the success of bovine TB control. Furthermore, the information regarding the epidemiology and biology of M.

Oral Health Knowledge, Perceptions, and Habits of Adolescents from Portugal, Romania, and Sweden: A Comparative Study.

Aims: The study aimed to assess and compare the self-reported oral health knowledge, habits, and perceptions of adolescents in Portugal, Romania, and Sweden and the factors that may affect them.

Materials And Methods: An oral health questionnaire with 25 questions was put together in English language and translated into Portuguese, Romanian, and Swedish language to investigate and compare oral health-related knowledge, habits, and perceptions of adolescents from the different countries. A voluntary sample of 879 teenagers completed it, mean aged 14.

The Dental Hygienists in Sweden and Portugal: A Comparative Study.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of the present study was to identify the dental hygienists (DHs)' working areas and compare these findings between Sweden and Portugal.

Materials And Methods: A web-based questionnaire was sent by E-mail to all 2943 members of the Swedish DH Association and 381 members of the Portuguese DH Association. The questionnaire contained questions about; number of years of work, which patient groups they worked with, if they had got sufficient knowledge from the education and what different tasks they worked with.

Bioclimatic modeling in the Last Glacial Maximum, Mid-Holocene and facing future climatic changes in the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.).

Increasing forest wildfires in Portugal remain a growing concern since forests in the Mediterranean region are vulnerable to recent global warming and reduction of precipitation. Therefore, a long-term negative effect is expected on the vegetation, with increasing drought and areas burnt by fires. The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.

New insights into resistance to colistin and third-generation cephalosporins of Escherichia coli in poultry, Portugal: Novel bla and bla genes.

The increasing incidence of intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Gram negative organisms that has been observed in food animals such as poultry, cattle and pigs, are suggestive that animals, food and environment are potential sources of ESBL-producing bacteria. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterized commensal E. coli obtained from healthy broiler and turkey flocks at slaughter for the presence of penicillinases-, ESBL-, extended-spectrum AmpC (ESAC)-, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance- and MCR-encoding genes.

Exposure of Threatened Accipitridae to Mycobacterium bovis Calls for Active Surveillance.

Anthropogenic activities have cumulatively led to the dramatic decline of world populations of vultures that currently face serious survival challenges in several regions of the world. In Portugal, the three resident species qualify as endangered and are under conservation efforts, mainly in the central east and south-east regions, where habitat protection and artificial feeding stations were implemented. Concurrently, the areas under protection are highly affected by tuberculosis (TB) in cattle and wild ungulates, whose potentially infected carcasses may naturally or artificially be used as feed by local vultures.

Draft Genomic Analysis of an Avian Multidrug Resistant Isolate Carrying .

is a commensal bacterium and opportunistic pathogen often present in the gut of humans and animals. We report the 4.3 Mbp draft genome sequence of a isolated in association with an from broilers in Portugal that showed macroscopic lesions consistent with colisepticemia.

A multivariate geostatistical methodology to delineate areas of potential interest for future sedimentary gold exploration.

This paper describes a multivariate geostatistical methodology to delineate areas of potential interest for future sedimentary gold exploration, with an application to an abandoned sedimentary gold mining region in Portugal. The main challenge was the existence of only a dozen gold measurements confined to the grounds of the old gold mines, which precluded the application of traditional interpolation techniques, such as cokriging. The analysis could, however, capitalize on 376 stream sediment samples that were analyzed for twenty two elements.

QnrS1- and Aac(6')-Ib-cr-Producing Escherichia coli among Isolates from Animals of Different Sources: Susceptibility and Genomic Characterization.

Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli can inhabit humans and animals from multiple origins. These bacteria are often associated with gastroenteritis in animals, being a frequent cause of resistant zoonotic infections. In fact, bacteria from animals can be transmitted to humans through the food chain and direct contact.

Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study.

In the past two decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio)-based research has contributed to significant scientific advances. Still, husbandry and health programs did not evolve at the same pace, as evidenced by the absence of general guidelines. Health monitoring is essential to animal welfare, to permit animal exchanges across facilities, to contribute to robust experimental results, and for data reproducibility.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and oxymino-β-lactam resistance mechanisms in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates from different animal sources.

The impact of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (PMAβs) of animal origin has been a public health concern. In this study, 562 Salmonella enterica and 598 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from different animal species and food products were tested for antimicrobial resistance. Detection of ESBL-, PMAβ-, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR)-encoding genes and integrons was performed in isolates showing non-wild-type phenotypes.