Sexual behavior shapes male genitourinary microbiome composition.

The origin, composition, and significance of the distal male urethral microbiome are unclear, but vaginal microbiome dysbiosis is linked to new sex partners and several urogynecological syndromes. We characterized 110 urethral specimens from men without urethral symptoms, infections, or inflammation using shotgun metagenomics. Most urethral specimens contain characteristic lactic acid bacteria and Corynebacterium spp.

Coinfection With Chlamydial and Gonorrheal Infection Among US Adults With Early Syphilis.

Among 865 adults with early syphilis considered for a multicenter treatment trial, 234 (27%) were excluded before enrollment because of bacterial sexually transmitted infection coinfection. Coinfection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (29%), Chlamydia trachomatis (22%), or both (23%) was common. Study findings highlight the need for comprehensive bacterial sexually transmitted infection screening in patients with syphilis.

Evaluation of Clinical, Gram Stain, and Microbiological Cure Outcomes in Men Receiving Azithromycin for Acute Nongonococcal Urethritis: Discordant Cures Are Associated With Mycoplasma genitalium Infection.

Background: In men with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), clinicians and patients rely on clinical cure to guide the need for additional testing/treatment and when to resume sex, respectively; however, discordant clinical and microbiological cure outcomes do occur. How accurately clinical cure reflects microbiological cure in specific sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is unclear.

Methods: Men with NGU were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Trichomonas vaginalis, urethrotropic Neisseria meningitidis ST-11 clade strains, and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU).

Endocervical miRNA Expression Profiles in Women Positive for Chlamydia trachomatis with Clinical Signs and/or Symptoms Are Distinct from Those in Women Positive for Chlamydia trachomatis without Signs and Symptoms.

is the leading cause of sexually transmitted infections that may progress to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. No effective vaccine exists for , nor are there biomarkers available that readily predict disease progression. In this cross-sectional pilot study, we recruited symptomatic and asymptomatic women with (CT) infection and asymptomatic, uninfected control women from an urban sexually transmitted disease clinic to determine if there were differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression.

No Pathogen-Specific Sign or Symptom Predicts the Etiology of Monomicrobial Nongonococcal Urethritis in Men.

Identifying pathogen-specific signs or symptoms of nongonococcal urethritis could improve syndromic management accuracy. We evaluated nongonococcal urethritis signs and symptoms in 220 men with single-pathogen infections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, or Ureaplasma urealyticum) or idiopathic urethritis. No individual sign or symptom accurately predicted the infectious etiology.

Aetiology and prevalence of mixed-infections and mono-infections in non-gonococcal urethritis in men: a case-control study.

Objectives: (CT) and (MG) cause the majority of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). The role of (UU) in NGU is unclear. Prior case-control studies that examined the association of UU and NGU may have been confounded by mixed infections and less stringent criteria for controls.

Where Do People Go for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Tests: A Cross-Sectional View of the Central Indiana Population, 2003-2014.

Background: Despite major efforts to control their spread, reported sexually transmitted infections (STI) are increasing. Using data from a mid-sized Midwest metropolitan area, we examined the settings in which individuals are tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia in relation to demographics and test result to determine where interventions may best be focused.

Methods: A deidentified and integrated registry, containing records from all patients tested for an STI from 2003 to 2014, was created by combining data from a large health information exchange and the reporting district's STI Program located in Indianapolis, IN.

An Integrated Surveillance System to Examine Testing, Services, and Outcomes for Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

Despite laws that require reporting of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) to governmental health agencies, integrated surveillance of STDs remains challenging. Data and information about testing are fragmented from information on treatment and outcomes. To overcome this fragmentation, data from multiple electronic systems spanning clinical and public health environments were integrated to create an STD surveillance registry.

Neisseria meningitidis ST11 Complex Isolates Associated with Nongonococcal Urethritis, Indiana, USA, 2015-2016.

At a clinic in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, we observed an increase in Neisseria gonorrhoeae-negative men with suspected gonococcal urethritis who had urethral cultures positive for N. meningitidis. We describe genomes of 2 of these N.