The relationship between self-reported sleep disturbance and polysomnography in individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Primary Objective: To characterize sleep architecture and self-reported sleep quality, fatigue and daytime sleepiness in individuals with TBI. Possible relationships between sleep architecture and self-reported sleep quality, fatigue and daytime sleepiness were examined.

Methods: Forty-four community-dwelling adults with TBI completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

Proton MR spectroscopy correlates diffuse axonal abnormalities with post-concussive symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury.

There are no established biomarkers for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), in part because post-concussive symptoms (PCS) are subjective and conventional imaging is typically unremarkable. To test whether diffuse axonal abnormalities quantified with three-dimensional (3D) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (¹H-MRSI) correlated with patients' PCS, we retrospectively studied 26 mTBI patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score of 14.7), 18- to 56-year-olds and 13 controls three to 55 days post-injury.

Does gender influence cognitive outcome after traumatic brain injury?

The aim of this study was to determine whether males and females differ in post-acute cognitive outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Performances of 83 men and 75 women with mild to severe TBI were compared on measures of cognitive functions typically impacted by TBI (i.e.

The relationship between employment-related self-efficacy and quality of life following traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: This study examines the relative contribution of employment-related and general self-efficacy to perceptions of quality of life (QoL) for individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Design: Correlational.

Setting: Community-based research and training center.

A randomized controlled trial of sertraline for the treatment of depression in persons with traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To examine the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of depression after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Research center at a major urban medical center.

Traumatic brain injury: future assessment tools and treatment prospects.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is widespread and leads to death and disability in millions of individuals around the world each year. Overall incidence and prevalence of TBI are likely to increase in absolute terms in the future. Tackling the problem of treating TBI successfully will require improvements in the understanding of normal cerebral anatomy, physiology, and function throughout the lifespan, as well as the pathological and recuperative responses that result from trauma.

Cognitive functioning among individuals with traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and no cognitive impairments.

Objective: To compare patterns of cognitive functioning in older adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and no neurological disorder (ND).

Design: Group comparison.

Setting: Outpatient setting of a large urban tertiary care medical center.

A comparison of cognitive functioning in older adults with and without traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Cognitive impairments are common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are often associated with the natural process of aging. Few studies have examined the effect of both age and TBI on cognitive functioning. The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive functioning between older adults who sustained a TBI to an age-matched group of individuals without a brain injury and to determine whether the presence or absence of a genetic marker apolipoprotein epsilon (APOEepsilon4 allele) accounts for additional cognitive decline in both groups examined.

Objective measurement of fatigue following traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: To quantify posttraumatic brain injury (post-TBI) mental fatigue objectively by documenting changes in performance on neuropsychological tests as a result of sustained mental effort and to examine the relationship between objectively measured mental fatigue and self-reported situational and day-to-day fatigue.

Participants: The study included 202 community-dwelling individuals with mild-severe TBI and 73 noninjured controls.

Measures: Measures included Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, Global Fatigue Index, and situational fatigue rating.

Cognitive impairment associated with toxigenic fungal exposure: a response to two critiques.

Fox, Greiffenstein, and Lees-Haley (2005) and McCaffrey and Yantz (2005) criticized our 2004 article that reported neuropsychological evidence of cognitive impairment in a sample of individuals exposed to toxic molds who complained of cognitive difficulties (Gordon et al., 2004). They critiqued the study's justification, design, analyses, and conclusions and characterized it as poor epidemiology.

Neurobehavioral consequences of traumatic brain injury.

At least 1.4 million people die, or receive hospital or emergency care every year in the United States as a result of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many more are treated in other settings or receive no treatment at all.

The role of self-discrepancy theory in understanding post-traumatic brain injury affective disorders: a pilot study.

This pilot study examined the utility of self-discrepancy theory (SDT) in explaining post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) depression and anxiety. The SDT model was expanded to include the discrepancy between the postinjury self and the preinjury self. Study participants were 21 individuals with mild to severe TBI residing in the community, who completed the Selves Interview, the Selves Adjective Checklist, the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory.

Cognitive impairment associated with toxigenic fungal exposure: a replication and extension of previous findings.

In this study, neuropsychological data and symptom reports from 31 individuals exposed to toxic mold were examined. Most participants were found to have reduced cognitive functioning in multiple domains, with memory and executive functions the most commonly affected areas. Rates of dysfunction were significantly greater than chance on more than half of the tests.

Child and parent responses to a brain injury screening questionnaire.

Objectives: To determine, by using a Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire (BISQ), in a sample of urban public school students, what proportion of children are at risk for having sustained a brain injury, to measure the incidence of blows to the head and alterations in mental status, and to determine whether children and parents report differently on the BISQ.

Design: Survey.

Setting: Research facility and community.

Relationship between depression and psychosocial functioning after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To examine the relationship between depression and psychosocial functioning up to 5 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Longitudinal cohort study with 2 assessments completed.

Setting: Community.

Psychiatric challenges in the first 6 years after traumatic brain injury: cross-sequential analyses of Axis I disorders.

Objective: To examine the preinjury rates of Axis I disorders and the prospective rates within the first 6 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cross-sequential.

Setting: Community-based research and training center.

Screening for substance abuse in individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Primary Objective: To determine the utility of the CAGE, the Brief Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (BMAST) and the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI-3) with individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), two studies were conducted examining the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of these instruments.

Research Design: Data from self-report instruments were compared to a clinical interview, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), to determine the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.

Methods And Procedures: Two studies were conducted.