Toll-like receptor 2 activation and comedogenesis: implications for the pathogenesis of acne.

Background: Acne is a common disorder of the human pilosebaceous unit, yet the mechanisms underlying hyperkeratinisation and subsequent inflammation (comedogenesis) remain to be determined, although cutaneous pathogens are implicated. Previously, it was reported that the release of the cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) by keratinocytes of the sebaceous duct was pivotal in the life cycle of the comedone, mediating both its development and its spontaneous resolution. Toll-like receptors are a family of molecules that recognise pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) presented by microorganisms, initiating a signalling cascade terminating in the release of antimicrobial compounds and cytokines.

Prohepcidin levels in refractory anaemia caused by lead poisoning.

Recent research evidence suggests a central role for hepcidin in iron homeostasis. Hepcidin is a hormone synthesized in the liver. Hepcidin is also thought to play a vital role in the pathogenic mechanism of anaemia in patients with inflammation or chronic disease.

Exhaustive identification of human class II basic helix-loop-helix proteins by virtual library screening.

Cellular proliferation, specification and differentiation in developing tissues are tightly coordinated by groups of transcription factors in response to extrinsic and intrinsic signals. Furthermore, renewable pools of stem cells in adult tissues are subject to similar regulation. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are a group of transcription factors that exert such a determinative influence on a variety of developmental pathways from C.

The energy metabolism in the right and left ventricles of human donor hearts across transplantation.

Objective: Brain death appears to predominantly affect the right ventricle (RV) and right ventricular failure is a common complication of clinical cardiac transplantation. It is not clear to what extent myocardial energy stores are affected in the operative sequence. We aimed to describe the time-dependent variation in high energy phosphate (HEP) metabolism of the two ventricles, and the relationship with endothelial activation and postoperative functional recovery.

Exhaustive identification of human class II basic helix-loop-helix proteins by virtual library screening.

Cellular proliferation, specification and differentiation in developing tissues are tightly coordinated by groups of transcription factors in response to extrinsic and intrinsic signals. Furthermore, renewable pools of stem cells in adult tissues are subject to similar regulation. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are a group of transcription factors that exert such a determinative influence on a variety of developmental pathways from C.